{"id":644,"date":"2025-06-21T16:20:07","date_gmt":"2025-06-21T13:20:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=644"},"modified":"2025-06-21T16:20:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-21T13:20:07","slug":"deniz-halklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/deniz-halklari\/","title":{"rendered":"Deniz Halklar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Deniz Kavimleri, M\u00d6 13. ve 12. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Akdeniz\u2019in kuzey ve do\u011fusunda ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131msal k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir grup etnik topluluktu. Bu k\u0131tl\u0131klar, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n 19. Hanedan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Merenptah\u2019\u0131, a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7eken Hititlere tah\u0131l g\u00f6ndermeye zorlad\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemde bir\u00e7ok Miken \u015fehir merkezi yok edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz Kavimleri, Ege ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019dan gelen gev\u015fek bir konfederasyon olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu gruplardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, Denen, Lukka ve Sherden, Akhenaten\u2019in (M\u00d6 1352-1336) h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda zaten aktifti. Lukka, Sherden ve Peleset \u00fcyeleri, Ramses II\u2019nin (M\u00d6 1279-1213) ordusunda paral\u0131 asker olarak yer alm\u0131\u015f ve Kade\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz Kavimleri\u2019nin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Ramses III d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit haline gelmi\u015ftir. Medinet Habu\u2019daki kabartmalarda, bu gruplar\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar, sadece ya\u011fma ama\u00e7l\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 kurma giri\u015fimi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, Deniz Kavimleri\u2019ni sadece sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, aileleriyle birlikte g\u00f6\u00e7 eden topluluklar olarak tasvir etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz Kavimleri\u2019nin k\u00f6kenleri hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok teori bulunmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Ekwesh ve Denen\u2019in Homeros\u2019un \u0130lyada\u2019s\u0131nda bahsedilen Akalar ve Danaolar ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. Lukka\u2019n\u0131n Likya b\u00f6lgesinden, Sherden\u2019in Sardinya\u2019dan ve Peleset\u2019in ise Filistin b\u00f6lgesinden geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz Kavimleri, M\u00d6 13. ve 12. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Akdeniz\u2019in kuzey ve do\u011fusunda ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131msal k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir grup etnik topluluktu. Bu k\u0131tl\u0131klar, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n 19. Hanedan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Merenptah\u2019\u0131, a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7eken Hititlere tah\u0131l g\u00f6ndermeye zorlad\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemde bir\u00e7ok Miken \u015fehir merkezi yok edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz Kavimleri, Ege ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019dan gelen gev\u015fek bir konfederasyon olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu gruplardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, Denen, Lukka ve Sherden, Akhenaten\u2019in (M\u00d6 1352-1336) h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda zaten aktifti. Lukka, Sherden ve Peleset \u00fcyeleri, Ramses II\u2019nin (M\u00d6 1279-1213) ordusunda paral\u0131 asker olarak yer alm\u0131\u015f ve Kade\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ramessid D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde, Deniz Kavimleri Medinet Habu ve Karnak\u2019taki kabartmalarda ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Harris Papir\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kaynaklar, Deniz Kavimleri\u2019nin sadece ya\u011fmac\u0131 gruplar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Suriye-Filistin ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 eden yerle\u015fimciler olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu gruplar, sadece sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar olarak de\u011fil, aileleriyle birlikte \u00f6k\u00fcz arabalar\u0131yla e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan topluluklar olarak tasvir edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ve Hititler taraf\u0131ndan kaydedilen “kabile” isimleri, Deniz Kavimleri\u2019nin k\u00f6kenleri hakk\u0131nda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermektedir. Ekwesh ve Denen\u2019in Homeros\u2019un \u0130lyada\u2019s\u0131nda bahsedilen Akalar ve Danaolar ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Lukka\u2019n\u0131n Likya b\u00f6lgesinden, Sherden\u2019in Sardinya\u2019dan ve Peleset\u2019in ise Filistin b\u00f6lgesinden geldi\u011fi neredeyse kesin olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz Kavimleri\u2019nin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ilk sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, Merenptah\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131nda (M\u00d6 1213-1203) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131da, Libyal\u0131larla ittifak kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Merenptah\u2019\u0131n Karnak\u2019taki kabartmalar\u0131 ve cenaze tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131ndaki \u0130srail Stelinde, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n bu sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve 6.000 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Filistin\u2019deki A\u015fdod kentinde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda, M\u00d6 13. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen yanm\u0131\u015f bir katman bulunmu\u015ftur, bu katman, ya Merenptah\u2019\u0131n Levant seferine ya da Peleset\u2019in b\u00f6lgeye geli\u015fine i\u015faret ediyor olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Deniz Kavimleri ile nihai kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma, Ramses III\u2019\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sekizinci y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde, Deniz Kavimleri muhtemelen Suriye\u2019deki Ugarit ve Alalakh \u015fehirlerini ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a hem kara hem de deniz yoluyla sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Deniz sava\u015flar\u0131, Medinet Habu\u2019daki \u00fcnl\u00fc kabartmalarda tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. Bu zafer, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 kuzeyden gelen do\u011frudan istilalardan korumu\u015ftur, ancak sonunda bat\u0131dan gelen Libyal\u0131 gruplar\u0131n sinsi s\u0131zmalar\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fczerinde daha kal\u0131c\u0131 bir kontrol sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Medinet Habu’nun<\/a>\u00a0kuzey duvar\u0131ndaki bu sahne, genellikle M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Deniz Kavimleri’ne kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve III. Ramses d\u00f6neminde\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Medinet Habu’daki \u0130kinci Pilon’un sa\u011f kulesindeki hiyeroglif metnin k\u0131smi bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Deniz Kavimleri, M\u00d6 13. ve 12. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Akdeniz\u2019in kuzey ve do\u011fusunda ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131msal k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir grup etnik topluluktu. Bu k\u0131tl\u0131klar, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n 19. Hanedan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Merenptah\u2019\u0131, a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7eken Hititlere tah\u0131l g\u00f6ndermeye zorlad\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemde bir\u00e7ok Miken \u015fehir merkezi yok edildi. Deniz Kavimleri, Ege ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019dan gelen … <\/p>\n

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