{"id":640,"date":"2025-06-24T22:59:10","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T19:59:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=640"},"modified":"2025-06-24T22:59:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T19:59:10","slug":"byblos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/byblos\/","title":{"rendered":"Byblos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:100\">Byblos (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Jubeil), Kenan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, modern Beyrut\u2019un yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 km kuzeyinde yer alan eski bir liman kentidir. Akkadca\u2019da &#8220;Gubla&#8221; olarak bilinen bu yerle\u015fim, Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan Ge\u00e7 Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na kadar uzanan uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir. Ge\u00e7 Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda n\u00fcfus, modern bir k\u00f6y\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yak\u0131ndaki bir b\u00f6lgeye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:100\">Byblos\u2019un \u00f6nemi, bir liman olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rmesinden kaynaklan\u0131yordu. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle birlikte, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar buray\u0131 kereste kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00dcnl\u00fc L\u00fcbnan sedirleri ve di\u011fer de\u011ferli mallar buradan ge\u00e7erek M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131yordu. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 eserler, 2. Hanedan\u2019dan (M\u00d6 2890-2686) itibaren Byblos\u2019ta bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:100\">Byblos\u2019ta birka\u00e7 dini yap\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r, bunlardan biri &#8220;Obelisk Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131&#8221; olarak bilinen ve Ba\u2019alat Gebal\u2019a adanm\u0131\u015f tap\u0131nakt\u0131r. Ba\u2019alat Gebal, &#8220;Byblos\u2019un Han\u0131m\u0131&#8221; olarak bilinen yerel bir Astarte formuydu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Hathor ile ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. Tap\u0131naktaki obelislerden biri hiyerogliflerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:100\">Byblos, Orta ve Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde M\u0131s\u0131r k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenmi\u015f \u00f6nemli bir liman kentiydi. Orta Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda, Byblos\u2019un kraliyet mezarlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7 12. Hanedan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 Amenemhat III ve IV\u2019\u00fcn isimlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan eserler bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu eserler aras\u0131nda fildi\u015fi, abanoz ve alt\u0131n gibi M\u0131s\u0131r k\u00f6kenli objeler yer al\u0131rken, yerel taklitler daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli malzemelerle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve daha az ustal\u0131kla i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:100\">Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminde, Byblos, Amarna Mektuplar\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde kentin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Ribaddi, M\u0131s\u0131r firavunundan askeri yard\u0131m talep etmi\u015ftir. Byblos bir s\u00fcre d\u00fc\u015fman eline ge\u00e7se de, daha sonra M\u0131s\u0131r taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ramses II\u2019ye (M\u00d6 1279-1213) ait eserlerle birlikte bulunan bir lahit, daha sonraki (M\u00d6 10. y\u00fczy\u0131l) yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmdar Ahiram\u2019a ait erken alfabe karakterleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yaz\u0131t i\u00e7ermektedir. Byblos\u2019ta bulunan \u00e7e\u015fitli M\u0131s\u0131r eserleri, firavunlar ile Byblos h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc diplomatik ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu eserler aras\u0131nda Ramses II\u2019nin ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir kap, bir tap\u0131naktan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131tl\u0131 kap\u0131 pervazlar\u0131 ve Osorkon I ve II\u2019ye ait heykel par\u00e7alar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Osorkon I\u2019in heykeli, Fenike yaz\u0131t\u0131 i\u00e7ermekte ve Abibaal d\u00f6nemine tarihlenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:100\">Arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar, M\u0131s\u0131r-Byblos ili\u015fkilerinin 19. Hanedan\u2019da zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak 20. ve 21. Hanedanlarda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, 20. Hanedan\u2019\u0131n sonlar\u0131na ait yar\u0131 tarih\u00ee Wenamun Hik\u00e2yesi\u2019nde belgelenmi\u015ftir. Ancak, 22. ve 23. Hanedanlarda ili\u015fkiler yeniden canlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ara D\u00f6nem\u2019den sonra, Byblos\u2019un \u00f6nemi giderek azalm\u0131\u015f ve kom\u015fu limanlar olan Tyre ve Sidon \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Byblos (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Jubeil), Kenan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, modern Beyrut\u2019un yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 km kuzeyinde yer alan eski bir liman kentidir. Akkadca\u2019da &#8220;Gubla&#8221; olarak bilinen bu yerle\u015fim, Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan Ge\u00e7 Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na kadar uzanan uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir. Ge\u00e7 Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda n\u00fcfus, modern bir k\u00f6y\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yak\u0131ndaki bir b\u00f6lgeye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Byblos\u2019un \u00f6nemi, bir liman olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rmesinden &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/byblos\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Byblos&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"sehir-kasaba-sablonu","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sehir-kasaba"],"aioseo_notices":[],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}