Cevap:<\/strong> Hay\u0131r. Pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn aksine, piramitleri k\u00f6leler in\u015fa etmemi\u015ftir. Sakkara ve Giza\u2019da yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda, piramit i\u015f\u00e7ilerine ait devasa mezarl\u0131klar ve lojmanlar bulunmu\u015ftur. Bulgular, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen, d\u00fczenli maa\u015f alan, et ve birayla beslenen ve sakatland\u0131klar\u0131nda t\u0131bbi tedavi g\u00f6ren profesyonel \u00f6zg\u00fcr i\u015f\u00e7iler oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Nil nehrinin ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tar\u0131m\u0131n durdu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde k\u00f6yl\u00fcler de bu in\u015faatlara i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> Yayg\u0131n bir efsane, Sfenks\u2019in burnunun Napolyon\u2019un askerleri taraf\u0131ndan top ate\u015fiyle u\u00e7uruldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Ancak bu bilgi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f tarih\u00e7i Makrizi\u2019nin kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Sfenks\u2019in burnu Napolyon\u2019dan y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce, yerel halk\u0131n heykele adaklar adad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren k\u00f6ktendinci bir din adam\u0131 (Sa’im al-Dahr) taraf\u0131ndan ikonoklazm (tasvir k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k) amac\u0131yla kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak tahrip edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> Tutankhamun, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en zay\u0131f ve en gen\u00e7 firavunlar\u0131ndan biridir; yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 ya\u015f\u0131nda tahta \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve 19 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Onu bu kadar \u00fcnl\u00fc yapan \u015fey askeri veya siyasi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fil, mezar\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda Howard Carter taraf\u0131ndan bulunan mezar\u0131, tarihte ya\u011fmalanmadan, t\u00fcm hazineleriyle birlikte eksiksiz olarak ke\u015ffedilen tek firavun mezar\u0131d\u0131r. Yani o, icraatlar\u0131yla de\u011fil, geriye b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozulmam\u0131\u015f alt\u0131nlar\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> Hay\u0131r, Kleopatra etnik olarak M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 fethinden sonra tahta ge\u00e7en Makedon Yunan k\u00f6kenli Ptolemaios Hanedan\u0131<\/strong>‘na mensuptu. Kleopatra, hanedan\u0131n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r dilini (hiyeroglif okuma ve konu\u015fma dahil) \u00f6\u011frenen ilk ve tek h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131yd\u0131, ancak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve genetik olarak Yunan k\u00f6kenliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, insan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, zek\u00e2, haf\u0131za ve duygu merkezinin kalp<\/strong> oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden kalp, ahirette Osiris\u2019in huzurunda tart\u0131lmak \u00fczere v\u00fccudun i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor ya da \u00f6zel olarak korunuyordu. Beynin ise sadece kafatas\u0131n\u0131 dolduran ve i\u015flevi olmayan bir organ oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in, mumyalama s\u0131ras\u0131nda burundan sokulan \u00f6zel metal \u00e7engellerle par\u00e7a par\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p at\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> Teorik olarak piramitler firavunlar\u0131n an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131d\u0131r, ancak bug\u00fcn hi\u00e7bir b\u00fcy\u00fck piramidin (Giza, Dashur, Meidum vb.) i\u00e7inde firavun mumyas\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Piramitler, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerinde ve antik mezar h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Firavunlar, piramitlerin g\u00fcvenli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminde mumyalar\u0131n\u0131 saklamak i\u00e7in da\u011flar\u0131n i\u00e7ine gizlenmi\u015f Krallar Vadisi<\/strong>\u2019ni kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> Hiyeroglif tam olarak bir alfabe de\u011fildir; sesleri (fonogram), kelimeleri veya fikirleri (ideogram) temsil eden binlerce karma\u015f\u0131k sembolden olu\u015fan sofistike bir yaz\u0131 sistemidir. Bu yaz\u0131, MS 4. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra tamamen unutulmu\u015f, ancak 1799’da bulunan ve ayn\u0131 metnin \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 dilde yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131<\/strong> sayesinde, 1822 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frans\u0131z dilbilimci Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> “Firavunun Laneti” tamamen 1920’lerin medyas\u0131n\u0131n ve gazetelerin uydurdu\u011fu bir sansasyondur. Tutankhamun’un mezar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 finanse eden Lord Carnarvon’un ke\u015fiften k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra bir sivrisinek \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n enfeksiyon kapmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6lmesi bu efsaneyi k\u00f6r\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. Ancak mezara ilk giren arkeolog Howard Carter dahil, ekibin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu uzun ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hayatlar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezarlarda bulunan baz\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl mantar sporlar\u0131 (Aspergillus niger) tehlikeli olsa da hurafe anlam\u0131nda bir lanet yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> Antik M\u0131s\u0131r tek bir g\u00fcnde y\u0131k\u0131lmad\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, ekonomik zay\u0131fl\u0131klar ve k\u0131tl\u0131klar nedeniyle yava\u015f yava\u015f \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. \u00d6nce Asurlular, ard\u0131ndan Persler M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. En son Ptolemaios Hanedan\u0131’n\u0131n krali\u00e7esi VII. Kleopatra\u2019n\u0131n M\u00d6 30 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6lmesiyle birlikte M\u0131s\u0131r, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tamamen kaybederek Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun bir eyaleti<\/strong> haline geldi ve firavunlar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 resmen kapand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cevap:<\/strong> M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar kedilere tam olarak “tanr\u0131” g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakm\u0131yorlard\u0131; ancak kedilerin tanr\u0131sal enerjileri (\u00f6zellikle koruyucu tanr\u0131\u00e7a Bastet<\/strong>‘in enerjisini) yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Kediler tah\u0131l ambarlar\u0131n\u0131 farelerden ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl akreplerden\/y\u0131lanlardan korudu\u011fu i\u00e7in ekonomik ve hayati a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok de\u011ferliydi. Bir kediyi kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrmenin cezas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fc ve evdeki bir kedi \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde t\u00fcm aile yas g\u00f6stergesi olarak ka\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kaz\u0131t\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. B\u00fcy\u00fck Giza Piramidi\u2019ni k\u00f6leler mi in\u015fa etti? Cevap: Hay\u0131r. Pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn aksine, piramitleri k\u00f6leler in\u015fa etmemi\u015ftir. Sakkara ve Giza\u2019da yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda, piramit i\u015f\u00e7ilerine ait devasa mezarl\u0131klar ve lojmanlar bulunmu\u015ftur. Bulgular, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen, d\u00fczenli maa\u015f alan, et ve birayla beslenen ve sakatland\u0131klar\u0131nda t\u0131bbi tedavi g\u00f6ren profesyonel \u00f6zg\u00fcr i\u015f\u00e7iler oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Nil … <\/p>\n2. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sfenks\u2019in burnu nas\u0131l koptu?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
3. Firavun Tutankhamun neden bu kadar \u00fcnl\u00fc? G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kral m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
4. Kleopatra asl\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
5. Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar mumyalama i\u015fleminde neden beyni \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131yordu?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
6. Piramitlerin i\u00e7inde mumya var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
7. Hiyeroglif yaz\u0131s\u0131 bir alfabe midir? Nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
8. Firavunlar\u0131n Mezarlar\u0131nda Ger\u00e7ekten Bir “Lanet” Var m\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
9. Antik M\u0131s\u0131r medeniyeti neden ve nas\u0131l y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
10. Kediler Antik M\u0131s\u0131r’da neden kutsald\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n