{"id":6208,"date":"2026-03-21T01:54:12","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T01:54:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/?p=6208"},"modified":"2026-03-21T02:01:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T02:01:00","slug":"iii-mentuhotep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/iii-mentuhotep\/","title":{"rendered":"III. Mentuhotep"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00f6nem: M.\u00d6. 2004 \u2013 1992 civar\u0131 (11. Hanedanl\u0131k \/ Orta Krall\u0131k). H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: Yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 Y\u0131l (Turin Kral Papir\u00fcs\u00fc’ne g\u00f6re). Taht \u0130smi (Praenomen): Sankhkare (“Ra’n\u0131n Ruhu Ya\u015fat\u0131r \/ Can Verir”). Horus \u0130smi: Sankhtawyf (“\u0130ki Diyar\u0131n\u0131 Besleyen\/Canland\u0131ran”).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

III. Mentuhotep, babas\u0131n\u0131n 51 y\u0131ll\u0131k devasa saltanat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve tahta muhtemelen orta ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Babas\u0131 efsanevi kurucu II. Mentuhotep, annesi ise ba\u015f krali\u00e7elerden biri olan (ve halktan geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen) Krali\u00e7e Tem’dir. Krali\u00e7e Tem’in mezar\u0131, kocas\u0131n\u0131n Deir el-Bahri’deki devasa kompleksinin tam kalbinde yer al\u0131r. Taht\u0131 devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7eride isyan kalmam\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da d\u00fc\u015fman b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O, “fatih” de\u011fil, “y\u00f6netici” olmak zorundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halefi: Kendisinden sonra 11. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131n son kral\u0131 olacak olan gizemli IV. Mentuhotep tahta \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Ancak IV. Mentuhotep’in onun \u00f6z o\u011flu mu, yoksa hanedan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bir gasp\u00e7\u0131 m\u0131 oldu\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131rbilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hala tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dini Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kral\u0131n in\u015faat faaliyetleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak dini yap\u0131lar\u0131n restorasyonuna ve yeni tap\u0131nak in\u015falar\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Teb’deki sarp kayal\u0131klarda, deniz seviyesinden olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek bir noktada, kerpi\u00e7ten bir tap\u0131nak in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir. Macar arkeolog Gy\u0151z\u0151 V\u00f6r\u00f6s taraf\u0131ndan detayl\u0131ca kaz\u0131lan bu tap\u0131nak, Horus’a adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Arkaik D\u00f6nem’den kalma \u00e7ok daha eski bir tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n temelleri \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu, kral\u0131n antik geleneklere ve atalar\u0131n\u0131n teolojisine olan sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Abydos’taki Osiris tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131na kendi ad\u0131na kerpi\u00e7 eklemeler yapm\u0131\u015f, ta\u015fra k\u00fcltlerini destekleyerek dini merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Politikalar\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

III. Mentuhotep d\u00f6neminin en belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fi, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n yerini ticaret gemilerinin ve karavanlar\u0131n almas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck olay\u0131, Hazine Sorumlusu (Steward) Henu (veya Henenu) komutas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen efsanevi Punt seferidir. Wadi Hammamat ta\u015f ocaklar\u0131nda bulunan yaz\u0131tlara g\u00f6re Henu, Koptos’tan K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na (Mersa Gawasis) 3.000 ki\u015filik bir ordu\/i\u015f\u00e7i grubuyla y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.Henu’nun yaz\u0131t\u0131 askeri bir zaferi de\u011fil, lojistik bir ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6ver: \u00c7\u00f6ldeki her bir adama g\u00fcnde 2 testi su ve 20 somun ekmek sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, yollardaki isyanc\u0131 bedevilerin temizlendi\u011fi ve kuyular kaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Gemiler K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz’den Punt’a (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Somali\/Eritre k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131) yelken a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f; tap\u0131nak rit\u00fcelleri i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan m\u00fcr (t\u00fcts\u00fc), sak\u0131z ve egzotik hayvanlarla geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Eski Krall\u0131k’tan beri unutulan bu ticaret a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, Orta Krall\u0131k’\u0131n ekonomik olarak tam anlam\u0131yla \u015faha kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fudan (Sina\/Levant) gelebilecek g\u00f6\u00e7ebe s\u0131zmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Delta b\u00f6lgesinde tahkimatlar (kaleler) in\u015fa ettirerek s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Miras\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 y\u0131ll\u0131k huzurlu ve bereketli bir saltanat\u0131n ard\u0131ndan III. Mentuhotep hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babas\u0131n\u0131n Deir el-Bahri’deki muazzam tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131ndan etkilenerek, o da hemen g\u00fcneydeki bir vadide kendi cenaze tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak saltanat\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in bu yap\u0131 asla bitirilememi\u015ftir. Arkeologlar burada sadece tap\u0131na\u011fa giden y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f yolu (causeway) ve in\u015faat\u0131n ba\u015flama rit\u00fcellerinde g\u00f6m\u00fclen “kurulu\u015f depozitlerini” (foundation deposits) bulabilmi\u015flerdir. III. Mentuhotep, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en parlak d\u00f6nemlerinden birinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcrokrasiyi t\u0131k\u0131r t\u0131k\u0131r i\u015fler hale getirmi\u015f, hazineyi doldurmu\u015f ve ard\u0131llar\u0131na ekonomik bir s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a-Dipnot<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00f6nem: M.\u00d6. 2004 \u2013 1992 civar\u0131 (11. Hanedanl\u0131k \/ Orta Krall\u0131k). H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: Yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 Y\u0131l (Turin Kral Papir\u00fcs\u00fc’ne g\u00f6re). Taht \u0130smi (Praenomen): Sankhkare (“Ra’n\u0131n Ruhu Ya\u015fat\u0131r \/ Can Verir”). Horus \u0130smi: Sankhtawyf (“\u0130ki Diyar\u0131n\u0131 Besleyen\/Canland\u0131ran”). K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi III. Mentuhotep, babas\u0131n\u0131n 51 y\u0131ll\u0131k devasa saltanat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve tahta muhtemelen orta ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. … <\/p>\n

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