{"id":5267,"date":"2025-11-25T07:48:03","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T07:48:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/?p=5267"},"modified":"2026-02-20T19:41:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T19:41:11","slug":"ii-senusret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/ii-senusret\/","title":{"rendered":"II. Senusret"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi:<\/strong> M.\u00d6. 1878 \u2013 1839 civar\u0131 (12. Hanedanl\u0131k). <strong>Unvanlar:<\/strong> Senusret (&#8220;Wosret Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n Adam\u0131&#8221;), Khakaure (&#8220;Ra&#8217;n\u0131n Ruhlar\u0131 Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131yor&#8221;), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Giri\u015f: M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;\u0131n Napolyon&#8217;u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Senusret III, babas\u0131 Senusret II&#8217;nin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve m\u00fchendislik odakl\u0131 d\u00f6neminden sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan, ancak babas\u0131n\u0131n aksine eline cetvel de\u011fil k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 alan firavundur. Antik Yunan tarih\u00e7ileri onu efsanevi bir fatih olarak anlat\u0131r; hatta Avrupa&#8217;ya kadar sefer yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rlard\u0131 (bu abart\u0131d\u0131r).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O, M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;\u0131n g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n kan\u0131yla&#8221; \u00e7izen, i\u00e7eride ise y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olan yerel valilerin (Nomarch) g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen k\u0131ran &#8220;Demir Yumruk&#8221;tur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi: Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Gen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Senusret III, Senusret II ve Krali\u00e7e <strong>Khenemetneferhedjet I<\/strong>&#8216;in o\u011fludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>E\u015fleri:<\/strong> Ba\u015f e\u015fi Krali\u00e7e <strong>Meretseger<\/strong>&#8216;dir (Bu isimli ilk krali\u00e7e). Di\u011fer e\u015fleri aras\u0131nda Neferthenut ve Sithathoriunet (k\u0131z karde\u015fi) bulunur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>O\u011flu:<\/strong> Kendisinden sonra tahta ge\u00e7ecek olan ve Orta Krall\u0131k&#8217;\u0131n en uzun saltanat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrecek olan <strong>Amenemhat III<\/strong>, onun o\u011fludur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Askeri Deha: &#8220;O S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Ge\u00e7en O\u011flum De\u011fildir!&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Senusret III, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en agresif Nubya politikas\u0131n\u0131 izlemi\u015ftir. Nil&#8217;in \u0130kinci \u015eelalesi&#8217;ni (Wadi Halfa) a\u015farak g\u00fcneye, Kerma Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n (Kush) kalbine 4 b\u00fcy\u00fck sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Semna Steli:<\/strong> S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n en ucuna diktirdi\u011fi yaz\u0131tta \u015fu korkun\u00e7 ifadeler yer al\u0131r:<em>&#8220;Ben s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131 atalar\u0131mdan daha ileri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131m. Sald\u0131rana sald\u0131r\u0131r\u0131m, susana susar\u0131m. Ama ka\u00e7an korkakt\u0131r. O Nubyal\u0131lar, ger\u00e7ek bir d\u00fc\u015fman de\u011fildir; onlar korkak ve sefil yarat\u0131klard\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 korumayan, benim o\u011flum de\u011fildir, benden do\u011fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r!&#8221;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dev Kaleler:<\/strong> Nubya&#8217;y\u0131 sadece yenmekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir. Nehir boyunca <strong>Semna, Kumma, Uronarti<\/strong> ve <strong>Buhen<\/strong> gibi devasa kaleler in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir. Bu kaleler, Orta \u00c7a\u011f \u015fatolar\u0131n\u0131 aratmayacak kadar komplekstir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130\u00e7 Politika: Nomarch&#8217;lar\u0131n Sonu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eski Krall\u0131k&#8217;\u0131 y\u0131kan \u015fey, yerel valilerin (Nomarch) \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesiydi. Senusret III bu hataya d\u00fc\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0130dari Reform:<\/strong> \u00dclkeyi &#8220;Kuzey, G\u00fcney ve Merkez&#8221; (Head of the South) olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 idari b\u00f6lgeye ay\u0131rd\u0131 ve buralara saraydan atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> Soylu mezarlar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin Beni Hasan&#8217;daki o \u015fatafatl\u0131 mezarlar) bu d\u00f6nemde aniden kesilir. Valiler art\u0131k krala rakip de\u011fil, sadece birer memurdur. Merkezi otorite mutlak hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sanat Devrimi: Psikolojik Portreler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Senusret III&#8217;\u00fcn heykelleri, M\u0131s\u0131r sanat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 eserleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Yorgun Y\u00fcz:<\/strong> O g\u00fcne kadar firavunlar hep gen\u00e7, kusursuz ve tanr\u0131sal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Senusret III ise heykellerinde <strong>\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fck g\u00f6zler, sarkm\u0131\u015f yanaklar, b\u00fcy\u00fck kulaklar ve mutsuz bir a\u011f\u0131zla<\/strong> tasvir edilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anlam\u0131:<\/strong> Bu &#8220;ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik&#8221; ak\u0131m\u0131, kral\u0131n omuzlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fck\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sorumlulu\u011fun getirdi\u011fi yorgunlu\u011fu ve bilgeli\u011fi simgeler. O, sadece bir tanr\u0131 de\u011fil, &#8220;ac\u0131 \u00e7eken ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen&#8221; bir liderdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u0130ki Mezar\u0131n S\u0131rr\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Senusret III, yakla\u015f\u0131k 39 y\u0131ll\u0131k saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ancak nereye g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir muammad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Soru:<\/em> Kral kuzeye mi (piramide), yoksa g\u00fcneye mi (Abydos&#8217;a) g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc? \u00c7o\u011fu uzman, as\u0131l mezar\u0131n Abydos oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dah\u015fur Piramidi:<\/strong> Kuzeyde, Dah\u015fur&#8217;da kerpi\u00e7ten bir piramit in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir. Ancak mezar odas\u0131 bo\u015f bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abydos Cenotaph&#8217;\u0131 (Bo\u015f Mezar):<\/strong> G\u00fcneyde, Abydos&#8217;ta (Osiris&#8217;in kutsal \u015fehri) da\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na oyulmu\u015f devasa bir yeralt\u0131 mezar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Lahdi buradad\u0131r ama mumyas\u0131 bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 1878 \u2013 1839 civar\u0131 (12. Hanedanl\u0131k). Unvanlar: Senusret (&#8220;Wosret Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n Adam\u0131&#8221;), Khakaure (&#8220;Ra&#8217;n\u0131n Ruhlar\u0131 Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131yor&#8221;), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131. Giri\u015f: M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;\u0131n Napolyon&#8217;u Senusret III, babas\u0131 Senusret II&#8217;nin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve m\u00fchendislik odakl\u0131 d\u00f6neminden sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan, ancak babas\u0131n\u0131n aksine eline cetvel de\u011fil k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 alan firavundur. Antik Yunan tarih\u00e7ileri onu efsanevi bir fatih olarak &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/ii-senusret\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;II. Senusret&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6,8,126],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kral","category-orta-krallik-donemi","category-xii-hanedan"],"aioseo_notices":[],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5267"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5940,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5267\/revisions\/5940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}