{"id":5255,"date":"2025-11-25T07:38:31","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T07:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/?p=5255"},"modified":"2026-03-21T01:47:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T01:47:45","slug":"ii-mentuhotep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/ii-mentuhotep\/","title":{"rendered":"II. Mentuhotep"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00f6nem: M.\u00d6. 2055 \u2013 2004 civar\u0131 (11. Hanedanl\u0131k). H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: Yakla\u015f\u0131k 51 Y\u0131l. Taht \u0130smi (Praenomen): Nebhepetre (“Ra’n\u0131n D\u00fcmeni\/K\u00fcre\u011fi Efendidir”).<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi <\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

II. Mentuhotep, Teb hanedan\u0131n\u0131n (Intef’ler) \u00f6zenle in\u015fa etti\u011fi askeri ve politik altyap\u0131n\u0131n meyvesidir. Babas\u0131 Kral III. Intef, annesi ise Krali\u00e7e Lah’t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015f E\u015fleri: En \u00f6nemli e\u015fi, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131z karde\u015fi olan Krali\u00e7e II. Neferu’dir. Ayr\u0131ca hanedan\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ve halefi III. Mentuhotep’in annesi olan Krali\u00e7e Tem (halktan bir k\u00f6kene sahip olabilir) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Kral\u0131n mezar kompleksinde Ashayet, Henhenet, Kawit, Kemsit ve Sadeh ad\u0131nda be\u015f alt r\u00fctbeli krali\u00e7enin mezar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hepsi Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Hathor’un rahibeleridir ve Nubya\/Afrika k\u00f6kenli \u00f6zellikler (siyah tenli tasvirler) ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. Hanedan\u0131n Nubya ile olan s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dini Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

II. Mentuhotep, Eski Krall\u0131k’\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla sars\u0131lan “Tanr\u0131-Kral” (\u0130lahi Firavun) imaj\u0131n\u0131 yeniden in\u015fa eden ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saltanat\u0131 boyunca siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcne paralel olarak Horus ismini \u00fc\u00e7 kez de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir: Sankhibtawy<\/em> (“\u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kalbine Hayat Veren”) – Tahta ilk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda. Netjeryhedjet<\/em> (“Beyaz Tac\u0131 \u0130lahi Olan”) – Kuzey’e \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sematawy<\/em> (“\u0130ki Diyar\u0131 Birle\u015ftiren”) – Herakleopolis’i y\u0131k\u0131p t\u00fcm M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 fethettikten sonra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kahire M\u00fczesi’ndeki \u00fcnl\u00fc oturan heykelinde kral tamamen siyah tenli ve \u00e7apraz kollarla tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. Bu, onun etnik k\u00f6keninden ziyade (Afrika\/Nubya genleri ta\u015f\u0131sa da), Yeralt\u0131 ve Dirili\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Osiris ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fti\u011fini, M\u0131s\u0131r’a \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra yeniden hayat verdi\u011fini (Nil’in kara topra\u011f\u0131 gibi) simgeler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Mentu’yu isminde ta\u015f\u0131sa da, Teb’in ba\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Amon’un devlet panteonunda y\u00fckseli\u015fine h\u0131z vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Politikalar\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

II. Mentuhotep’in 51 y\u0131ll\u0131k saltanat\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri ve idari ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saltanat\u0131n\u0131n 14. y\u0131l\u0131nda (Tinis Nome’undaki bir isyan\u0131 bahane ederek) Kuzey’deki 10. Hanedanl\u0131k (Herakleopolis) krallar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 nihai ve ezici bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. D\u00fc\u015fman ba\u015fkentini y\u0131kt\u0131, rakip kral\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 tek bayrak alt\u0131nda (Orta Krall\u0131k) birle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kanl\u0131 birle\u015fme sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6len 60 kadar Tebli asker, kral\u0131n Deir el-Bahri’deki tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131na, mumyalanmadan (sava\u015f yaralar\u0131yla ve kanl\u0131 oklar\u0131yla) topluca g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu, kral\u0131n kendi askerlerine duydu\u011fu e\u015fsiz bir vefa \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci Ara D\u00f6nem’in feodal sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131 (Nomarch’lar\u0131) tamamen itaat alt\u0131na ald\u0131. \u0130syan potansiyeli olan valileri g\u00f6revden al\u0131p yerlerine do\u011frudan Teb’den atanan, sadece krala sad\u0131k merkez b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Miras\u0131 <\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

II. Mentuhotep, ihti\u015faml\u0131 hayat\u0131na yara\u015f\u0131r, mimari bir devrim niteli\u011finde olan mezar kompleksini Bat\u0131 Teb’de, Sarp kayal\u0131klar\u0131n amfitiyatro gibi sard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Deir el-Bahri vadisine in\u015fa ettirdi. Bu mimari \u015faheser, yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 y\u0131l sonra 18. Hanedanl\u0131k krali\u00e7esi Hat\u015fepsut’a ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olacak ve Hat\u015fepsut kendi efsanevi tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tam da bu yap\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na in\u015fa edecektir. Atalar\u0131 olan Intef’lerin basit “Saff Mezarlar\u0131”n\u0131 terk etti. Da\u011f\u0131n eteklerine yaslanan, terasl\u0131, s\u00fctunlu avlular\u0131 olan ve merkezinde (tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 da olsa) piramit benzeri bir mastaba veya h\u00f6y\u00fck bulunan bu devasa tap\u0131nak-mezar kompleksini icat etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a-Dipnot<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00f6nem: M.\u00d6. 2055 \u2013 2004 civar\u0131 (11. Hanedanl\u0131k). H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: Yakla\u015f\u0131k 51 Y\u0131l. Taht \u0130smi (Praenomen): Nebhepetre (“Ra’n\u0131n D\u00fcmeni\/K\u00fcre\u011fi Efendidir”). K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi II. Mentuhotep, Teb hanedan\u0131n\u0131n (Intef’ler) \u00f6zenle in\u015fa etti\u011fi askeri ve politik altyap\u0131n\u0131n meyvesidir. Babas\u0131 Kral III. Intef, annesi ise Krali\u00e7e Lah’t\u0131r. Ba\u015f E\u015fleri: En \u00f6nemli e\u015fi, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131z karde\u015fi olan Krali\u00e7e … <\/p>\n

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