{"id":282,"date":"2025-05-20T22:55:19","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T19:55:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=282"},"modified":"2025-05-20T22:55:19","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T19:55:19","slug":"abydos-kraliyet-mezarlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/abydos-kraliyet-mezarlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Abydos Kraliyet Mezarlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, ilk krallar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeden, yani Abydos\u2019un dini merkez oldu\u011fu This (Tinis) kentinden geldi\u011fine inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Abydos\u2019ta y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6l kayal\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00f6rfez olu\u015fturur ve bu alan V \u015feklindeki bir yar\u0131kla ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n en eski krallar\u0131 bu yar\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00d6teki D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015f yolu olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131lard\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc mezarlar\u0131n\u0131 bu yar\u0131\u011f\u0131n hemen alt\u0131na, kayal\u0131klardan uzanan bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya in\u015fa ettiler. Bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, araziye ula\u015fan vadinin \u00fczerindedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131 bu mezarl\u0131k alan\u0131na \u201c\u00c7\u00f6mleklerin Anas\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Umm el-Qa\u2019ab ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. Bu isim, eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6mlek par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci Hanedanl\u0131k\u2019tan \u00f6nce birka\u00e7 ku\u015fak boyunca, yerel y\u00f6neticilerin mezarlar\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6lde, y\u00fcksek kayal\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7itlere yak\u0131n yerlere yapt\u0131rmalar\u0131 bir gelenek haline gelmi\u015fti. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Hierakonpolis\u2019in (Nekhen) protodinastik y\u00f6neticileri, mezarlar\u0131n\u0131 Wadi Abu Sufyan\u2019da yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu mezarlar, Michael Hoffman<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir ve Nekhen tap\u0131nak h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn in\u015fa edildi\u011fi d\u00f6nemle ayn\u0131 zamanlara tarihlenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umm el-Qa\u2019ab\u2019da Arkeolog G\u00fcnter Dreyer<\/em>, Predinastik D\u00f6nem\u2019e ait Mezarl\u0131k U alan\u0131nda yer alan bir dizi mezar\u0131n zamanla kraliyet mezarlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bu alan, devletin olu\u015fum s\u00fcrecine dair ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir kay\u0131t sunmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ukur mezarlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan s\u0131yr\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck kerpi\u00e7 mezarlar dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.[1]<\/a> Bunlar aras\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Uj Mezar\u0131<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. Bu mezarda, bir zamanlar ah\u015fap bir kutsal tap\u0131nak yer al\u0131yordu. Dreyer, mezar\u0131n i\u00e7inde h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sembol\u00fc olan fildi\u015fi bir Heqa Asas\u0131<\/em> (krall\u0131k asas\u0131) bulmu\u015ftur. Bu asa h\u00fck\u00fcmdar anlam\u0131na gelen bir hiyeroglifi temsil eder.[2]<\/a> [3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uj mezar\u0131 bir ev modeline g\u00f6re in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Toplam 12 odas\u0131, merkezi bir avlusu ve sembolik kap\u0131lar\u0131yla bir saray plan\u0131 sunar. Odalar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funda y\u00fczlerce M\u0131s\u0131r yap\u0131m\u0131 ve Filistin men\u015feli \u00e7\u00f6mlekler bulunmu\u015ftur.[4]<\/a> Mezardaki erken d\u00f6nem hiyeroglifler, bu y\u00f6neticinin ta\u015fradan ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck gelirler elde etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Mezar\u0131, t\u00fcm \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen ve \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck ev\u201d (per-aa \/ firavun) olarak kabul edilen kral\u0131n evi gibi kurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f, Eski Krall\u0131k d\u00f6nemindeki piramitlerde de devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uj Mezar\u0131 ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 y\u0131l sonra ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Hor-Aha\u2019n\u0131n mezar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca 11 dikd\u00f6rtgen mezar yer almaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc \u2013 her biri iki kerpi\u00e7 \u00e7ukurdan olu\u015fur \u2013 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n yava\u015f yava\u015f birle\u015fti\u011fi Hanedanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi diyebilece\u011fimiz krallar\u0131 olan   Iry-Hor,  Ka ve Narmer\u2019e aittir. Ard\u0131ndan, Narmer\u2019in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mezar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131na \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 derecede b\u00fcy\u00fck ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir mezar in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu mezar\u0131 Menes olarak bilinen ve 1. Hanedanl\u0131k\u2019\u0131n ilk kral\u0131 olan Hor-Aha\u2019ya ait saym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Hor-Aha<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n mezar\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 sonraki mastabalar ve piramitler gibi a\u015famal\u0131 olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta iki odal\u0131 bir yap\u0131 iken, zamanla kerpi\u00e7le kaplanm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ukura d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kral muhtemelen ortadaki \u00e7ukura g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve mezar, i\u00e7teki ah\u015fap odan\u0131n etraf\u0131n\u0131 saran kerpi\u00e7 duvarlarla korunmu\u015ftur. Kral mezar\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda yer alan 34 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ukur mezar, kral\u0131n maiyetinde bulunan saray mensuplar\u0131na aittir. Arkeolojik analizler, bu ki\u015filerin muhtemelen kralla birlikte \u00f6b\u00fcr d\u00fcnyaya e\u015flik etmek \u00fczere kurban edildiklerini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011fu 25 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki erkeklere aittir. Ayr\u0131ca, son odan\u0131n \u00e7evresinde gen\u00e7 aslanlara ait kemik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 da bulunmu\u015ftur.[5]<\/a> Bir sonraki kral olan Djer\u2019in mezar\u0131 ise Birinci Hanedanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminin Abydos\u2019taki en b\u00fcy\u00fck mezar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu mezar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 12 x 13 metre \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerindeydi ve muhtemelen \u00e7amur, saman ve ah\u015fapla kaplanabilecek en geni\u015f alanlardan birini temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u00a0Abydos Kraliyet Mezarlar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Kathryn Bard, An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt<\/em>, Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey,  2007, s. 53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> G\u00fcnter Dreyer, The Early Dynastic Cemetery at Umm el-Qaab, in The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Near East<\/em>,  Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015, s. 98-115.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Toby A.H. Wilkinson, The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt<\/em>, Random House, New York, 2010, s. 45-67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> G\u00fcnter Dreyer, Abydos: The Early Dynastic Cemeteries of Umm el-Qa\u2019ab, <\/em>Mainz, 1998, s. 58-60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Zahi Hawass, The Valley of the Kings: The Tombs and the Treasures of the Pharaohs<\/em>,  American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, 2000, s. 45-50.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, ilk krallar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeden, yani Abydos\u2019un dini merkez oldu\u011fu This (Tinis) kentinden geldi\u011fine inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Abydos\u2019ta y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6l kayal\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00f6rfez olu\u015fturur ve bu alan V \u015feklindeki bir yar\u0131kla ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n en eski krallar\u0131 bu yar\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00d6teki D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015f yolu olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131lard\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc mezarlar\u0131n\u0131 bu yar\u0131\u011f\u0131n hemen alt\u0131na, kayal\u0131klardan uzanan bir … <\/p>\n

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