{"id":1909,"date":"2025-07-19T14:45:50","date_gmt":"2025-07-19T11:45:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/?p=1909"},"modified":"2026-03-09T22:46:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T22:46:22","slug":"i-thutmose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/i-thutmose\/","title":{"rendered":"I. Thutmose"},"content":{"rendered":"

Antik M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminin ba\u015f\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek olan 18. Hanedanl\u0131k’ta tahta \u00e7\u0131kan I. Thutmose ( yakl. M\u00d6 1506\u20131493), M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftiren en \u00f6nemli firavunlardan biridir. Selefi I.Amenhotep<\/a>‘in do\u011frudan varisi olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, askeri dehas\u0131, iddial\u0131 in\u015faat projeleri ve en \u00f6nemlisi kraliyet defin gelene\u011fini k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun “alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131” olarak bilinecek d\u00f6nemin temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O, hem M\u0131s\u0131r ordular\u0131n\u0131 F\u0131rat Nehri’ne kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcren ilk firavun hem de piramitlerin g\u00f6rkemli gelene\u011fini terk ederek mezar\u0131n\u0131 Krallar Vadisi’ne gizleyen ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmdard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Thutmose, kraliyet soyundan gelmiyordu; b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurucusu I. Ahmose’nin o\u011flu olan selefi I. Amenhotep’in ordusunda se\u00e7kin bir komutand\u0131. Tahta nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fi tam olarak net olmasa da, iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kraliyet ailesiyle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011f kurmu\u015ftur. I. Thutmose, (muhtemelen I. Ahmose’<\/a>nin k\u0131z\u0131 ve I. Amenhotep’in k\u0131z karde\u015fi olan) “B\u00fcy\u00fck Kraliyet E\u015fi” Krali\u00e7e Ahmose ile evlendi. Bu evlilik, onun taht \u00fczerindeki iddias\u0131n\u0131 ilahi ve yasal olarak me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bu birliktelikten do\u011fan k\u0131z\u0131, daha sonra M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kad\u0131n firavunu olacak olan Hatschepsut<\/a>‘tur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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I. Thutmose, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 bir imparatorlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren askeri seferleriyle an\u0131l\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 hem g\u00fcneye (Nubia) hem de kuzeydo\u011fuya (Suriye-Filistin) do\u011fru agresif bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fletmesine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nubia (Ku\u015f) Seferi: Tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan hemen sonra, g\u00fcneydeki zengin alt\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131na sahip Nubia’da \u00e7\u0131kan bir isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcneye y\u00f6neldi. Ordular\u0131n\u0131 Nil’in D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00c7a\u011flayan\u0131’n\u0131n da \u00f6tesine, Tombos’a kadar ilerleterek M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n egemenli\u011fini daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar g\u00fcneye ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Kay\u0131tlar, isyanc\u0131 Nubyal\u0131 \u015fefin cesedini, M\u0131s\u0131r’a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolculu\u011funda ibret olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gemisinin pruvas\u0131na (\u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131na) ast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Bu, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Nubia \u00fczerindeki hakimiyetini per\u00e7inleyen ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye ve F\u0131rat Nehri Seferi: I. Thutmose’nin en \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an askeri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, Asya’ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferdir. M\u0131s\u0131r ordular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, o d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakibi olan Mitanni \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile y\u00fczle\u015fmek i\u00e7in Suriye’ye y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Tarihte bir ilki ba\u015fararak ordular\u0131n\u0131 F\u0131rat Nehri’nin (M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n “ters d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f nehir” dedi\u011fi) do\u011fu yakas\u0131na ge\u00e7irdi. Burada bir zafer steli (an\u0131t ta\u015f) dikerek M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n etki alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 resmen belirledi. Bu sefer, III. Thutmose ve II. Ramses gibi gelecekteki b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 firavunlar\u0131n izleyece\u011fi yolu a\u00e7an, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n emperyal politikas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Askeri zaferlerinden elde etti\u011fi ganimetleri, tanr\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Amun-Ra’y\u0131 onurland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. I. Thutmose, Karnak Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n ulusal dini merkezi haline getiren ilk firavunlardan biridir. Karnak’taki katk\u0131lar\u0131 devasayd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n ana giri\u015fine devasa D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve Be\u015finci Pilonlar\u0131 (an\u0131tsal kap\u0131 kuleleri) in\u015fa ettirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kahire M\u00fczesi’ndeki I.Thutmose Steli
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Bu pilonlar\u0131n aras\u0131na, daha sonra I. Seti<\/a> ve II. Ramses<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan tamamlanacak olan \u00fcnl\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Hipostil Salonu’nun ilk s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 diktirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n kalbine, M\u0131s\u0131r’da ayakta kalan en eski devasa dikilita\u015flardan ikisini yerle\u015ftirdi (bunlardan biri bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 Karnak’ta ayaktad\u0131r).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Thutmose’nin belki de en kal\u0131c\u0131 miras\u0131, defin gelene\u011finde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 devrimdir. O, piramitlerin ve an\u0131tsal mezarlar\u0131n, firavunlar\u0131n ebedi istirahat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak yerine mezar soyguncular\u0131 i\u00e7in bir hedef haline geldi\u011fini fark etti. Bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in, mezar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen gizli tutulmas\u0131na karar verdi. Bu kutsal ve gizli g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in g\u00fcvendi\u011fi mimar\u0131 Ineni’yi g\u00f6revlendirdi. Ineni, kendi mezar duvarlar\u0131ndaki otobiyografisinde bu an\u0131 \u015fu \u00fcnl\u00fc s\u00f6zlerle \u00f6v\u00fcnerek anlat\u0131r: “Majestelerinin kaya mezar\u0131n\u0131n kaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ben denetledim; tek ba\u015f\u0131ma, kimse g\u00f6rmeden, kimse duymadan.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Thutmose, mezar yeri olarak Teb’in bat\u0131 yakas\u0131ndaki sarp kayal\u0131klar aras\u0131nda, bug\u00fcn Krallar Vadisi olarak bilinen izole vadiyi se\u00e7en ilk firavun oldu. Onun i\u00e7in kaz\u0131lan ilk mezar KV38’dir. Bu, mimarinin de\u011fil, gizlili\u011fin \u00f6n planda oldu\u011fu, kayaya oyulmu\u015f basit bir \u015faft mezar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra, k\u0131z\u0131 Hat\u015fepsut, babas\u0131n\u0131n mumyas\u0131n\u0131 (ve kendi mumyas\u0131n\u0131) kendi an\u0131tsal mezar\u0131 olan KV20’ye ta\u015f\u0131tt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Mumyas\u0131 daha sonra DB320 Kraliyet Zulas\u0131<\/a>‘nda yeniden ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dipnot-Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Antik M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminin ba\u015f\u0131nda, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek olan 18. Hanedanl\u0131k’ta tahta \u00e7\u0131kan I. Thutmose ( yakl. M\u00d6 1506\u20131493), M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin seyrini de\u011fi\u015ftiren en \u00f6nemli firavunlardan biridir. Selefi I.Amenhotep‘in do\u011frudan varisi olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, askeri dehas\u0131, iddial\u0131 in\u015faat projeleri ve en \u00f6nemlisi kraliyet defin gelene\u011fini k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun “alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131” olarak … <\/p>\n

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