{"id":1794,"date":"2025-07-17T14:09:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T11:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1794"},"modified":"2025-11-27T06:41:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T06:41:43","slug":"sokar-soker-sokaris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/sokar-soker-sokaris\/","title":{"rendered":"Sokar (Soker, Sokaris)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sokar<\/strong>, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r’da k\u00f6kenleri Memfis nekropollerinin kadim tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinen, zamanla \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci<\/strong> olarak temsil eden merkezi bir tanr\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Onun nitelikleri genellikle Memfis’in ba\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ptah<\/strong> ve \u00f6l\u00fclerin tanr\u0131s\u0131 Osiris<\/strong> ile birle\u015ftirilerek, \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tanr\u0131 Ptah-Sokar-Osiris<\/strong> formunu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Sokar’\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k festivali, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n takvimindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck rit\u00fcel olaylardan biriydi ve ya\u015fam ile \u00f6l\u00fcm alemleri aras\u0131nda yolculuk yapma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kutlard\u0131. Sokar, bir h\u00f6y\u00fckten \u00e7\u0131kan insan veya \u015fahin ba\u015f\u0131<\/strong> \u015feklinde ya da mumyalanm\u0131\u015f, sarg\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fahin veya \u015fahin ba\u015fl\u0131 bir adam olarak tasvir edilirdi; bu da onun hem g\u00f6ksel hem de ktonik (yeralt\u0131) y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc vurguluyordu. Bir yeralt\u0131 tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak, kanallar kaz\u0131l\u0131rken veya mezarlar in\u015fa edilirken r\u0131zas\u0131 aran\u0131r, ayr\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00fclerin ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f taslar\u0131 yapmakla sorumlu ilahi bir zanaatk\u00e2r olarak da bilinirdi. Eski Krall\u0131k’tan itibaren, Sokar’\u0131n karde\u015fi Seth taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra Osiris’in ad\u0131<\/strong> oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Yeralt\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Olanlar Kitab\u0131’nda<\/strong>, Sokar, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6l\u00fc krallar\u0131n ge\u00e7mek zorunda oldu\u011fu, y\u0131lanlarla dolu gizemli bir \u00e7\u00f6l b\u00f6lgesine h\u00fckmederdi; “Gizemli B\u00f6lgenin Efendisi”<\/strong> olarak, iki ba\u015fl\u0131 Aker-sfenksin<\/strong> korudu\u011fu bir ma\u011farada ikamet eder ve kaos y\u0131lan\u0131n\u0131 defalarca yenerdi. Yeralt\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerinde, bu ma\u011farada g\u00fcne\u015fin canland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen Sokar-Osiris’in<\/strong> bedeni yat\u0131yordu. Sokar’\u0131n dirili\u015f ve yenilenme ile olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131, y\u0131ll\u0131k Khoiak Festivali<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan ve ay mitleriyle ili\u015fkilendirilen rit\u00fcel fig\u00fcrleriyle de peki\u015ftirilirdi; bu fig\u00fcrler kil, baharatlar ve de\u011ferli metallerden yap\u0131larak bir yumurta \u015feklinde on d\u00f6rt par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Mezarlara yerle\u015ftirilen Ptah-Sokar-Osiris heykelcikleri ise, mezar sahibinin yeniden dirili\u015fine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak amac\u0131yla bazen \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/strong> kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 veya sembolik m\u0131s\u0131r mumyalar\u0131n\u0131 gizlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Yirmi \u0130kinci Hanedanl\u0131k D\u00f6nemi’nde Ptah \u015ee\u015fonk Ba\u015frahibi \u015eapeli’ndeki Sokar’\u0131 tasvir eden kabartma, Kahire M\u00fczesi<\/em> 1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ani Papir\u00fcs\u00fcnden, Sokar-Osiris’in bir tap\u0131nakta ayakta durdu\u011funu g\u00f6steren bir vinyet \u00f6rne\u011fi.<\/em>2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dipnot – Kaynak\u00e7a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G. A. Gaballa and K. A. Kitchen. \u201cThe Festival of Sokar.\u201d Orientalia 38 (1969):
1\u201376.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. Graindorge. \u201cSokar.\u201d In The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egypt III, edited by D. B. Redford. Oxford and New York: 2001, 305\u2013307.<\/p>\n\n\n

  1. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sokar#\/media\/File:Sokar_Sokaris.jpg<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sokar#\/media\/File:BD_Sokar-Osiris.jpg<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sokar, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r’da k\u00f6kenleri Memfis nekropollerinin kadim tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinen, zamanla \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci olarak temsil eden merkezi bir tanr\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Onun nitelikleri genellikle Memfis’in ba\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ptah ve \u00f6l\u00fclerin tanr\u0131s\u0131 Osiris ile birle\u015ftirilerek, \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tanr\u0131 Ptah-Sokar-Osiris formunu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Sokar’\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k festivali, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n takvimindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck rit\u00fcel olaylardan biriydi ve ya\u015fam ile \u00f6l\u00fcm alemleri … <\/p>\n

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