{"id":1671,"date":"2025-07-17T12:21:27","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T09:21:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1671"},"modified":"2025-11-27T06:29:05","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T06:29:05","slug":"horus-hor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/horus-hor\/","title":{"rendered":"Horus (Hor)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Horus<\/strong>, g\u00f6ksel \u015fahin ve krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f haliydi. Horus ve Seth<\/strong>, yani \u0130ki Efendi<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir temayd\u0131. Horus isminin muhtemelen “Uzak Olan” anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Kaynaklarda Horus’un iki ana formu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar bazen farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere ait ayr\u0131 tanr\u0131lar olarak, bazen de ayn\u0131 tanr\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleri olarak kabul edilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Horus<\/strong> oder Ya\u015fl\u0131 Horus<\/strong> (Harwer\/Haroeris<\/strong>), yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatan ilkel bir varl\u0131kt\u0131. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn Efendisi<\/strong> olarak kanatlar\u0131 g\u00f6kleri kaplar, g\u00f6zleri ise g\u00fcne\u015f ve ayd\u0131. Bu Horus, bir g\u00f6k tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n, ya Nut<\/strong>‘un ya da Hathor<\/strong>‘un o\u011fluydu. Gen\u00e7 Horus<\/strong> ise, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen babas\u0131 Osiris<\/strong>‘in intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak ve M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olarak onun yerini almak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcyen \u0130sis<\/strong>‘in o\u011fluydu. Genellikle \u015fahin ba\u015fl\u0131 bir adam olarak g\u00f6sterilirdi. M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n her kral\u0131, “ya\u015fayan bir Horus” olarak selamlan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n en eski krallar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na sald\u0131ran \u015fahinler olarak g\u00f6sterilirdi. Bir\u00e7ok M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131s\u0131, \u015fahin ailesinden ku\u015flarla temsil edilebilirdi. Hierakonpolisli Nekheny<\/strong> ve Athribisli Khenty-Khety<\/strong> gibi baz\u0131 tanr\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00fcltleri, zamanla Horus’unkiyle birle\u015fmi\u015ftir. M\u0131s\u0131r’dan bilinen en eski ilahi imgelerden biri, bir teknedeki \u015fahindir. Bu muhtemelen, Horus’u g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn K\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 Su Yolu’nu ge\u00e7en bir y\u0131ld\u0131z veya gezegen olarak temsil ediyordu. Daha sonraki metinler, karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kaosu da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlerini a\u00e7an “Benekli T\u00fcy\u00fcn Sahibi”nin g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir resmini \u00e7izer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer ilkel tanr\u0131lar gibi, g\u00f6ksel \u015fahin de yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131yla birle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 zafer kazan\u0131p do\u011fuda y\u00fckselen Ra-Horakhty<\/strong> (\u00c7ift Ufuklu Ra-Horus) haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu iki g\u00fcc\u00fcn birle\u015fimi, bir g\u00fcne\u015f diskiyle ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fahin veya \u015fahin kanatl\u0131 bir g\u00fcne\u015f diskiyle sembolize edilebilirdi. Bir kral tebaas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu, Horemakhet<\/strong>‘in (Ufuktaki Horus) g\u00f6rkemli y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki Efendi, Horus ve Seth, ya karde\u015f ya da ye\u011fen ve amca olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenini a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in, eski bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131ndan, f\u0131rt\u0131na veya astronomik olaylar\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlerine kadar bir\u00e7ok teori \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar Ya\u015fl\u0131 Horus (g\u00f6ksel \u015fahin) ve Seth (kaotik f\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131) oldu\u011funda, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, kar\u015f\u0131t elementlerin ilahi d\u00fczeni yaratmak i\u00e7in bir araya gelmesi gereken ilkel \u00e7a\u011fa ait gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horus ve Seth’in uzla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi bir\u00e7ok kaynakta vurgulan\u0131r. Kraliyet sanat\u0131n\u0131n kilit imgelerinden biri, Birle\u015ftirici Horus<\/strong> ve Seth’in Yukar\u0131 ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n hanedanl\u0131k bitkilerini bir araya ba\u011flayarak \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n<\/strong> tek bir m\u00fckemmel krall\u0131kta birle\u015fmesini simgelemesidir. Seth’in fig\u00fcr\u00fc bazen Thoth<\/strong> ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilirdi, bu da Seth’in Osiris’in katili rol\u00fcn\u00fcn her zaman g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyece\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, gen\u00e7 Horus ile gasp\u00e7\u0131 amcas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir hanedanl\u0131k kavgas\u0131 olarak sunuldu\u011funda, adaletin ve krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in kurulabilmesi i\u00e7in Horus’un galip gelmesi ve Seth’in cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harsiese<\/strong> (Horus, \u0130sis’in o\u011flu), hamile kal\u0131nan andan itibaren kral olmaya yazg\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. “Papir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00dczerindeki Horus” lakab\u0131, \u0130sis’in bebek Horus’u batakl\u0131klar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki bir ada olan Akh-bit<\/strong>‘in (Chemmis) papir\u00fcs \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131nda saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mite g\u00f6nderme yapar. Bu “Horus yuvas\u0131”, inek ve akrep tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 gibi ilahi varl\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan korunuyordu. Gen\u00e7 Horus b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek “Annesinin S\u00fctunu” ve “Babas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ntikamc\u0131s\u0131” olmu\u015ftur. \u0130sis’in tavsiyeleriyle Horus, Seth’le bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Seth’in cinsel sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendi lehine \u00e7evirmi\u015f ve g\u00f6z\u00fcnde bulunan g\u00fcc\u00fcn ge\u00e7ici olarak kaybolmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmi\u015ftir. Horus, babas\u0131n\u0131n davas\u0131n\u0131 Geb<\/strong> veya g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ra<\/strong>‘n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi \u0130lahi Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcnde savunmu\u015ftur. Osiris’e \u00f6l\u00fcler \u00fczerindeki egemenlik, Horus’a ise ya\u015fayanlar \u00fczerindeki egemenlik verilmi\u015ftir. Sad\u0131k bir o\u011ful olan Horus, Osiris’i “aya\u011fa kald\u0131rmak” i\u00e7in bir dizi rit\u00fcel ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011finde, t\u00fcm cenaze rahipleri i\u00e7in bir prototip haline gelir. Ayr\u0131ca ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n ve \u00f6l\u00fclerin d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir arac\u0131 olur. \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/strong>‘nda Horus, \u00f6len ruhlar\u0131 Osiris’in taht\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne sunarken g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horus’un M\u0131s\u0131r kral\u0131 olarak saltanat\u0131, sonraki t\u00fcm saltanatlar i\u00e7in model olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Mitolojik tarihte ondan sonra gelen yar\u0131 ilahi krallara Horus’un Takip\u00e7ileri<\/strong> denmi\u015ftir. Birka\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc metinde, Ta-Bitjet<\/strong> ad\u0131nda bir akrep tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Horus’un kar\u0131s\u0131 olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Tabut Metinleri<\/strong>‘ndeki bir pasaj, Ya\u015fl\u0131 Horus ve k\u0131z karde\u015fi \u0130sis’i, Horus’un O\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> olarak bilinen d\u00f6rt koruyucu tanr\u0131n\u0131n ebeveynleri yapar. Edfu tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda, Horus ve Dendara’n\u0131n Han\u0131m\u0131 Hathor aras\u0131ndaki “G\u00fczel Birle\u015fim”i kutlayan bir festival d\u00fczenlenirdi. Burada Horus, annesi, e\u015fi ve k\u0131z\u0131 olan tanr\u0131\u00e7ayla birle\u015ferek kozmosu yenileyen g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edfu’daki metinler ve sahneler, Horus \u00fczerine kurulu mitlerin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n efsanevi tarihi, iki gizemli varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sazl\u0131klar\u0131 keserek ilkel batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Yere bir sazl\u0131k saplad\u0131klar\u0131nda, bu, g\u00f6ksel \u015fahin i\u00e7in bir t\u00fcnemi\u015f haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u015eahine ev sahipli\u011fi yapmak i\u00e7in in\u015fa edilen sazdan kul\u00fcbenin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n merkezi ve ilk tap\u0131nak oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Kanatl\u0131 Disk Efsanesi<\/strong>‘nde Horus (Uzak Olan), genellikle Uzak Tanr\u0131\u00e7a’ya verilen rol\u00fc \u00fcstlenir ve g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6r etmek ve yok etmek i\u00e7in kendini ate\u015fli bir diske d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Horus’un Zaferi<\/strong> olarak bilinen rit\u00fcel dramda ise, \u0130sis’in o\u011flu Horus, Seth’i suayg\u0131r\u0131 formunda z\u0131pk\u0131nlar. Bir dizi kara ve su sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, M\u0131s\u0131r krallar\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 istilac\u0131lar\u0131 kovmay\u0131 umdu\u011fu gibi, Seth’i ve takip\u00e7ilerini M\u0131s\u0131r’dan kovar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Horus, g\u00f6ksel \u015fahin ve krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f haliydi. Horus ve Seth, yani \u0130ki Efendi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir temayd\u0131. Horus isminin muhtemelen “Uzak Olan” anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Kaynaklarda Horus’un iki ana formu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar bazen farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere ait ayr\u0131 tanr\u0131lar olarak, bazen de ayn\u0131 tanr\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleri olarak kabul edilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Horus veya Ya\u015fl\u0131 … <\/p>\n

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