{"id":1667,"date":"2025-07-17T12:19:34","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T09:19:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1667"},"modified":"2025-11-27T06:29:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T06:29:00","slug":"hippopotamus-goddesses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/hippopotamus-goddesses\/","title":{"rendered":"Suayg\u0131r\u0131 Tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 (Hippopotamus Goddesses)"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, erkek suayg\u0131r\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak korkard\u0131, ancak di\u015fi suayg\u0131r\u0131, yavrular\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle koruyan ve suyun hayat veren g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f hali olarak sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Ipet (Opet)<\/strong>, Reret<\/strong> ve Taweret<\/strong> (Taurt, Thoeris) gibi bir\u00e7ok suayg\u0131r\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 bilinmektedir, ancak bunlar muhtemelen ayn\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleridir. Bu tanr\u0131\u00e7a, ikili veya grup formlar\u0131nda da kendini g\u00f6sterebilirdi. Taweret<\/strong> (B\u00fcy\u00fck Olan) olarak, genellikle suayg\u0131r\u0131, aslan, timsah ve insan \u00f6zelliklerinin birle\u015fimine sahip olarak g\u00f6sterilirdi. Bu devasa form, 2.000 y\u0131l boyunca pop\u00fcler bir t\u0131ls\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fc olmu\u015ftur ve koruyucu bir cin olarak di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere de ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar suayg\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 su atlar\u0131 de\u011fil, su domuzlar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi, bu nedenle Reret “di\u015fi domuz” anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u015fi domuz formuna sahip olan g\u00f6k tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Nut<\/strong> ile bir ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flar. Suayg\u0131r\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm tezah\u00fcrleri, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ve yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n sulak b\u00f6lgeleriyle ili\u015fkilendirilirdi. Bazen, ilkel sular\u0131n (nun) bereketli y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden inek tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Hathor Mehet-Weret<\/strong> ile bir tutulurdu. Mehet-Weret, Nut ve suayg\u0131r\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furan varl\u0131klar olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilirdi. Karnak’taki Ipet Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131<\/strong>‘n\u0131n gizli mahzenlerinde, suayg\u0131r\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n Amun-Ra<\/strong> olarak yeniden y\u00fckselen Osiris<\/strong>‘in bir g\u00fcne\u015f formunu do\u011furdu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenirdi. Piramit Metinleri’nde, yeniden do\u011fan kral\u0131n Ipy (Ipet)<\/strong>‘nin tatl\u0131 s\u00fct\u00fcyle beslendi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Orta Krall\u0131k ve \u0130kinci Ara D\u00f6nem boyunca, batakl\u0131k bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcyle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f model suayg\u0131rlar\u0131 mezarlara ve tap\u0131naklara yerle\u015ftirilirdi. Bunlar, t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fclerin yeniden do\u011fmay\u0131 umdu\u011fu ilkel batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olarak Ipet veya Taweret’i temsil ediyor olabilir. Taweret’in karma\u015f\u0131k fig\u00fcrlerindeki dolgun g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsler ve kar\u0131n, muhtemelen hamile bir kad\u0131ndan ziyade ta\u015fk\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131 Hapy<\/strong>‘ye aittir. Yeni Krall\u0131k’a gelindi\u011finde, “Saf Suyun Han\u0131m\u0131”<\/strong> Taweret, \u00f6l\u00fcleri ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r, canland\u0131r\u0131r ve beslerdi. Y\u0131ll\u0131k Nil seli de M\u0131s\u0131r topra\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in benzer bir hizmeti yerine getiriyordu. Bir grup Reret tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, seli beraberinde getiren Uzak Tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/strong>‘n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kutlayan egzotik varl\u0131klar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu mitin baz\u0131 versiyonlar\u0131nda, d\u00f6nen g\u00fcne\u015f aslan\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n batakl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir suayg\u0131r\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00d6 ikinci biny\u0131la ait suayg\u0131r\u0131 fildi\u015fi asalar\u0131ndaki resimler, bu mite ve sonras\u0131nda tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n, h\u00fckmetmeye yazg\u0131l\u0131 ilahi bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu d\u00fcnyaya getirmesine g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131yor olabilir. Taweret, di\u011fer “sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar” aras\u0131nda, yabanc\u0131 esirlere vah\u015fice sald\u0131r\u0131rken, b\u0131\u00e7aklar veya me\u015faleler sallarken ya da koruma sembol\u00fc olan sa<\/strong>‘y\u0131 tutarken g\u00f6sterilir. \u0130lahi \u00e7ocu\u011fu koruma rol\u00fc, daha sonraki tap\u0131nak kabartmalar\u0131nda krallar\u0131n ve tanr\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fumu ve yeti\u015ftirilmesini g\u00f6steren sahnelerde tekrarlan\u0131r. Genellikle do\u011fum odas\u0131nda aslan-c\u00fcce Bes<\/strong> ile birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. B\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc bir stel \u00fczerinde, \u0130sis<\/strong>, o\u011flu Horus<\/strong>‘a “bir di\u015fi domuz ve bir c\u00fccenin” onun bebek bedeninin koruyucular\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Ptolemaios D\u00f6nemi’ne gelindi\u011finde, Taweret Do\u011fum Evi’nin Han\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> unvan\u0131na sahipti. Hathor, Mut<\/strong> ve \u0130sis gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131\u00e7alar bile, masumlar\u0131n kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak hareket ettiklerinde bazen B\u00fcy\u00fck Olan’\u0131n tuhaf formunu al\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak su\u00e7lular, suayg\u0131r\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131ndan merhamet beklemezlerdi. Osiris’in yarg\u0131lamas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyenlerin ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 yutan di\u015fi canavar Ammut<\/strong>, suayg\u0131r\u0131, aslan ve timsah kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc haritalar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen suayg\u0131r\u0131 tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131nda, Taweret ve di\u011fer vah\u015fi tanr\u0131lar, Seth’in k\u00f6t\u00fc bo\u011fa formunu sonsuza dek korumak i\u00e7in n\u00f6bet tutarlar. Bu y\u0131ld\u0131zsal rol, Plutarkhos’un Thoeris<\/strong>‘in (Taweret) Seth’in cariyesi oldu\u011funu ve ondan ayr\u0131larak rakibi Horus’un taraf\u0131nda sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten ifadesinin arkas\u0131nda yatabilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, erkek suayg\u0131r\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak korkard\u0131, ancak di\u015fi suayg\u0131r\u0131, yavrular\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle koruyan ve suyun hayat veren g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f hali olarak sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Ipet (Opet), Reret ve Taweret (Taurt, Thoeris) gibi bir\u00e7ok suayg\u0131r\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 bilinmektedir, ancak bunlar muhtemelen ayn\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleridir. Bu tanr\u0131\u00e7a, ikili veya grup formlar\u0131nda da kendini g\u00f6sterebilirdi. Taweret (B\u00fcy\u00fck Olan) … <\/p>\n

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