{"id":1647,"date":"2025-07-16T20:20:26","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T17:20:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1647"},"modified":"2025-07-16T20:20:26","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T17:20:26","slug":"hathor-h-wt-h-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/hathor-h-wt-h-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Hathor (H. wt-h. r)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hathor<\/strong>, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n do\u011furmas\u0131na, \u00f6l\u00fclerin yeniden do\u011fmas\u0131na ve kozmosun yenilenmesine yard\u0131m eden alt\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7ayd\u0131. Bu karma\u015f\u0131k tanr\u0131, yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hem annesi, hem e\u015fi hem de k\u0131z\u0131 olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rebilirdi. Bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanr\u0131\u00e7a, Hathor’un \u00e7eli\u015fkili iyi huylu ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6nlerinde “isimleri” olarak kabul edildi. En yayg\u0131n olarak, bir \u00e7ift inek boynuzunun aras\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir g\u00fcne\u015f diski takan g\u00fczel bir kad\u0131n olarak g\u00f6sterilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hathor’un ad\u0131, “Horus’un b\u00f6lgesi (veya kona\u011f\u0131)” anlam\u0131na gelir, bu da onu g\u00f6ksel \u015fahinin as\u0131l annesi yapabilir. Piramit Metinleri’nde, Horus’un b\u00f6lgesi, \u00f6len kral\u0131n gen\u00e7le\u015fece\u011fi g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zel bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyd\u00fc. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n Han\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> olarak Hathor, gece g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcyle ili\u015fkilendirilirdi. Ra’n\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong> olarak, g\u00fcne\u015f diski veya sabah ya da ak\u015fam y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 (Ven\u00fcs) ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilebilirdi. Greko-Romen D\u00f6nemi’ne gelindi\u011finde, Hathor bir ay tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak onurland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, bak\u0131r, turkuaz, lacivert ta\u015f\u0131 ve fayans gibi g\u00f6k cisimlerinin \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 niteliklerini payla\u015fan t\u00fcm de\u011ferli metallerin, de\u011ferli ta\u015flar\u0131n ve malzemelerin tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piramit Metinleri’nin 406. b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcnde, Ra’n\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc (burada g\u00fcne\u015f diski), “Hathor’un boynuzlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde”dir. Bu, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6ksel ine\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6klere kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 mitine erken bir g\u00f6nderme gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Genellikle Hathor’un ilkel bir formu olarak kabul edilen ba\u015fka bir ilahi inek, Mehet-Weret<\/strong>, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furmu\u015f ve onu ilkel sular\u0131n \u00fczerine kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hathor, g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011funun ilk \u015fafakta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkel lotus \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finin alternatif imaj\u0131yla da \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilebilirdi. Kendini yenileme yetene\u011fini kutlayan Nefertem<\/strong>, Ihy<\/strong> ve Harsomatus<\/strong> gibi t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuk tanr\u0131lar\u0131n “annesi” olarak tap\u0131n\u0131labilirdi. Horus<\/strong> krall\u0131k i\u00e7in benzer bir i\u015flevi yerine getirirdi ve Hathor genellikle bir papir\u00fcs \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde gen\u00e7 Horus-kral\u0131 anne \u015fefkatiyle koruyan bir inek olarak g\u00f6sterilirdi. Y\u00f6netme g\u00fcc\u00fc, Hathor’un s\u00fct\u00fcyle Horus’a ge\u00e7erdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011funu do\u011furarak Hathor, kendi annesi (veya b\u00fcy\u00fckannesi) haline gelmi\u015ftir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o geleneksel olarak g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015fkin formu olan Ra’n\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc olarak var olmu\u015ftur. Ra’n\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc, s\u0131k s\u0131k “babas\u0131n\u0131 koruyan Ra’n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131” olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rd\u0131. Hathor’a “Milyonlar\u0131n Teknesi’nde En \u00d6nde Gelen”<\/strong> deniyordu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f teknesinin pruvas\u0131nda durur ve kaos y\u0131lan\u0131 Apophis<\/strong>‘e kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131na liderlik ederdi. Ra, G\u00f6z\u00fcn g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lan insanlar\u0131n asi torunlar\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6nderdi. Vah\u015fi aslan formundaki G\u00f6z, g\u00fczel ve zarif Hathor olarak g\u00f6klere geri d\u00f6nebilmesi i\u00e7in sarho\u015f edilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ra’y\u0131 terk edip M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki \u00e7\u00f6llerde kedi formunda ya\u015fayan Uzak Tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/strong> da Hathor olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labiliyordu. Bu \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fme nispeten ge\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak Hathor uzun zamand\u0131r yabanc\u0131 topraklar\u0131n ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Uzak Tanr\u0131\u00e7a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, seli de beraberinde getirirdi, ancak m\u00fczik, dans, ziyafet ve sarho\u015flukla yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirdi. Bu, Hathor’un k\u00fclt\u00fcndeki vah\u015fi, co\u015fkulu unsurlar\u0131n efsanevi gerek\u00e7esiydi. Hathor, t\u00fcm \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fczelli\u011fiyle tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve babas\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lerini birle\u015ftirdi\u011finde, t\u00fcm yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n sevinmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hathor ve yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fimi, cinsel terimlerle veya daha soyut olarak, yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kendi aktif g\u00fcc\u00fcyle birle\u015fmesi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilirdi. Hathor, Atum<\/strong>‘u bo\u015falmaya iten eli ve ilahi “tohumun” kendisini ki\u015file\u015ftiren tanr\u0131\u00e7ayd\u0131. Di\u015fi yarat\u0131c\u0131 ilke olarak, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n en ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00e7ekici olan\u0131 olabilirdi. Do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n bu erotik y\u00f6n\u00fc, Hathor’u M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fiirindeki a\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n hamisi yapm\u0131\u015f ve Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n onu Afrodit<\/strong> ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmesini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horus ve Seth’in \u00c7eki\u015fmeleri<\/strong>‘nde, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Pre<\/strong> (Ra), babun tanr\u0131s\u0131 Babi<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan hakarete u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6fkelenir ve s\u0131rt\u00fcst\u00fc uzan\u0131r. Bu, yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sonu anlam\u0131na gelecek olan hareketsiz duruma geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ima eder. G\u00fcney Sycamore’un Han\u0131m\u0131 Hathor, babas\u0131 Pre’yi ziyaret eder ve ona cinsel organlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Pre hemen g\u00fcler, kalkar ve maat<\/strong>‘\u0131 (adaleti) y\u00f6netmeye geri d\u00f6ner. Hathor, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ruh halini kovmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeralt\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Kitaplar\u0131, Ra ve k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 daha az insani terimlerle sunar. Bat\u0131’n\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131<\/strong> olarak Hathor, batan g\u00fcne\u015fi kollar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak kar\u015f\u0131lar. Hem tanr\u0131lar hem de insanlar i\u00e7in Hathor, \u00f6l\u00fcmden yeni ya\u015fama ge\u00e7i\u015fi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm zaman\u0131 ve \u015fekli, Hathor’un yedi katl\u0131 bir formu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenirdi. Nekropol’\u00fcn Han\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> olarak, yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 o a\u00e7ard\u0131. Bir a\u011fa\u00e7 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, yeni \u00f6lenleri g\u00f6lge, hava, su ve yiyecekle canland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fclerin ruhlar\u0131, yedi Hathor ine\u011finin s\u00fct\u00fcnden ebedi ya\u015fam\u0131 alabilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabut Metinleri<\/strong> ve \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/strong>, \u00f6l\u00fclerin Hathor’un bir takip\u00e7isi olarak sonsuza dek ya\u015famas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak b\u00fcy\u00fcler i\u00e7erir. Ge\u00e7 D\u00f6nem’e ait bir hikayede, Hathor yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netir ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde adaletsiz davrananlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Greko-Romen D\u00f6nemi’ne gelindi\u011finde, ahiretteki \u00f6l\u00fc kad\u0131nlar kendilerini Osiris yerine Hathor ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirirlerdi. Hathor, ancak \u0130sis bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fini devrald\u0131ktan sonra M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi olma yerini kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hathor, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n do\u011furmas\u0131na, \u00f6l\u00fclerin yeniden do\u011fmas\u0131na ve kozmosun yenilenmesine yard\u0131m eden alt\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7ayd\u0131. Bu karma\u015f\u0131k tanr\u0131, yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hem annesi, hem e\u015fi hem de k\u0131z\u0131 olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rebilirdi. Bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanr\u0131\u00e7a, Hathor’un \u00e7eli\u015fkili iyi huylu ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6nlerinde “isimleri” olarak kabul edildi. En yayg\u0131n olarak, bir \u00e7ift inek boynuzunun aras\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir g\u00fcne\u015f diski … <\/p>\n

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