{"id":1639,"date":"2025-07-16T20:17:45","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T17:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1639"},"modified":"2025-11-27T06:28:10","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T06:28:10","slug":"feline-deities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/feline-deities\/","title":{"rendered":"Kedi Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 (Feline Deities)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bir\u00e7ok M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131s\u0131, kedi ailesinden (Felidae) y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hayvanlarla temsil edilmi\u015ftir. Kuzey Afrika ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu aslan t\u00fcrlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde leoparlar ve \u00e7italar bulunuyordu. Serval gibi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kedi t\u00fcrleri ise \u00e7\u00f6llerde veya batakl\u0131klarda ya\u015fard\u0131. Bu t\u00fcrlerden biri olan felis silvestris libyca<\/strong>, M\u00d6 2000 civar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Kedilere ba\u015fl\u0131ca de\u011fer, s\u0131\u00e7anlar, fareler ve y\u0131lanlar gibi zararl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrme yetenekleri nedeniyle verilirdi. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, sansar ve misk kedisi gibi benzer y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da kedi ailesinin \u00fcyeleri olarak kabul etmi\u015f gibi duruyor. Bazen birka\u00e7 kedi t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri tek bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcde birle\u015ftirilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aslan tanr\u0131lar, aslan tanr\u0131\u00e7alar kadar \u00f6nemli de\u011fildi, ancak aslan, kraliyet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn eski bir sembol\u00fcyd\u00fc. Erkek leoparlar ve panterler (siyah leoparlar), tanr\u0131 Seth<\/strong>‘in kontrol edilemez \u00f6fkesiyle ili\u015fkilendirilirken, di\u015fi leoparlar koruyucu bir rol oynard\u0131. Aslan benzeri tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n genellikle bir va\u015fak veya ergen bir erkek aslan\u0131nki gibi k\u0131sa bir yelesi veya boyun t\u00fcyleri olurdu. Onlar, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gazab\u0131n\u0131n bir tezah\u00fcr\u00fc olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in cinsiyetleri belirsizdi. Aslan, Bes<\/strong> ve Taweret<\/strong>, sfenks ve grifon gibi M\u0131s\u0131r canavarlar\u0131n\u0131n bir bile\u015feniydi. Bu efsanevi yarat\u0131klar, insanlar\u0131n ve yerlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc koruyucular\u0131 olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Piramit Metinleri’nde, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ve krallar\u0131n yeniden do\u011fu\u015f yeri olan ufku koruyan Ruty<\/strong> (\u00c7ift Aslan) tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a bahsedilir. Bu tanr\u0131, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc temsil etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan bir \u00e7ift leopar veya panterin daha \u00f6nceki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinden t\u00fcremi\u015f olabilir. Yeni Krall\u0131k’a gelindi\u011finde, ufuktaki benekli leopar-aslanlar, ilk ilahi \u00e7ift olan Shu<\/strong> ve Tefnut<\/strong> ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fdu\u011fu yerin alternatif bir temsili ise, bir lotus \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finin iki yan\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u00e7ift \u00e7izgili kediydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok kedi tanr\u0131s\u0131 da vah\u015fi koruyucular olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir tap\u0131nak rit\u00fceline g\u00f6re, Osiris<\/strong>‘in cesedi d\u00f6rt aslan tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan korunuyordu: Wadjyt<\/strong>, Sekhmet<\/strong>, Bastet<\/strong> ve Shesmetet<\/strong> (Smithis). Piramit Metinleri’nde tanr\u0131\u00e7a Mafdet<\/strong>, k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u0131lanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerini t\u0131rnaklayarak \u00f6l\u00fc krala yard\u0131m eder. Kutsal hayvan\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir t\u00fcr firavun faresi olabilir, ancak daha sonra bir \u00e7ita veya va\u015fak olarak tasvir edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lahi bir cellat olarak Mafdet, “Ra’n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131” ko\u015farak ve katlederek adaleti sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sembol\u00fc, bir blo\u011fa sabitlenmi\u015f bir z\u0131pk\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabut Metinleri’nde, geceleri aslan veya panter olarak avlanan Pakhet<\/strong>‘ten bahsedilir. Ad\u0131 “\u00e7izen” anlam\u0131na gelir. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 krali\u00e7eler ve prensesler taraf\u0131ndan tak\u0131lan pen\u00e7e t\u0131ls\u0131mlar\u0131, bu tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n koruyucu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor olabilir. Aslan ba\u015fl\u0131 Pakhet’in Teknesi<\/strong>, g\u00fcne\u015f teknesine bir eskort sa\u011flard\u0131. Di\u011fer kedi tanr\u0131lar\u0131 gibi, o da g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n varislerini koruyan ate\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcrten kobra formunu alabilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ad\u0131 belirtilmeyen aslanlar, di\u015fi aslanlar, panterler ve kediler, b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc nesnelerde ilahi d\u00fczenin geleneksel d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131yla sava\u015f\u0131rken g\u00f6sterilir. Aslanlar\u0131n ve kedilerin yabanc\u0131 esirlerin bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, Ra’n\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong>‘n\u00fcn, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131na isyan eden insanlar\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in aslan formunda (Sekhmet) g\u00f6nderilmesi mitine g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131yor olabilir. Yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn aslan formuyla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilebilecek di\u011fer tanr\u0131\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda Bastet, Hathor, Mehit<\/strong>, Mut<\/strong>, Tefnut ve Wadjyt bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ra’n\u0131n ilk do\u011fan k\u0131z\u0131 olan g\u00f6z\u00fc, babas\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir aslan veya kedi formunda \u00e7\u00f6llerde dola\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nubia’daki el-Dakka tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda bir kabartma, bu tanr\u0131\u00e7ay\u0131, bir aslan\u0131n tam yelesine ve emziren bir di\u015fi aslan\u0131n \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f memelerine sahip olarak g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu formunda, di\u011fer tanr\u0131lar i\u00e7in bile tehlikeliydi. Yuttuklar\u0131, yeniden do\u011fma umudu olmadan sonsuza dek yok olurdu. Kedi formunda ise, vah\u015fi bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ama iyilik i\u00e7in bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fc. Thoth<\/strong> ve Shu<\/strong>‘nun, Uzak Tanr\u0131\u00e7a’y\u0131 yiyecek ve rahatl\u0131k vaatleriyle M\u0131s\u0131r’a geri \u00e7ekmesi, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n vah\u015fi kedileri evcil hayvanlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme \u015feklini yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ra’n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131, babas\u0131na Apophis<\/strong> canavar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 destans\u0131 bir sava\u015fta kedi formunda yard\u0131m etmi\u015ftir. Korkun\u00e7 bir gecede, Ra’n\u0131n kendisi B\u00fcy\u00fck Erkek Kedi formunu alm\u0131\u015f ve Heliopolis’teki ished a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda Apophis y\u0131lan\u0131yla sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Apophis’i b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla par\u00e7alam\u0131\u015f ve ished a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6lerek ufkun ikiz a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f formunda, Ra’n\u0131n kedi k\u0131z\u0131, yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131yla birle\u015ferek ilahi bir \u00e7ocuk d\u00fcnyaya getirmi\u015ftir. Bubastis’te, aslan tanr\u0131s\u0131 Mahes<\/strong> (Mihos, Myusis), Bastet ve Atum-Ra’n\u0131n yavrusuydu. M\u00d6 birinci biny\u0131lda Bastet, yavrular\u0131n\u0131 emziren veya etraf\u0131 bir\u00e7ok yavru kediyle \u00e7evrili bereketli bir anne olarak giderek daha fazla temsil edilmi\u015ftir. Onun tehlikeli aslan formu ise arka planda kalm\u0131\u015f ancak unutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Greko-Romen D\u00f6nemi’ne ait bir metin, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 erkekleri, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n onlara istediklerini verebildi\u011finizde dost canl\u0131s\u0131 bir kediye, veremedi\u011finizde ise \u00f6fkeli bir di\u015fi aslana benzedi\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131yordu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir\u00e7ok M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131s\u0131, kedi ailesinden (Felidae) y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hayvanlarla temsil edilmi\u015ftir. Kuzey Afrika ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu aslan t\u00fcrlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde leoparlar ve \u00e7italar bulunuyordu. Serval gibi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kedi t\u00fcrleri ise \u00e7\u00f6llerde veya batakl\u0131klarda ya\u015fard\u0131. Bu t\u00fcrlerden biri olan felis silvestris libyca, M\u00d6 2000 civar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Kedilere ba\u015fl\u0131ca de\u011fer, s\u0131\u00e7anlar, … <\/p>\n

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