{"id":1626,"date":"2025-07-16T20:13:06","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T17:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1626"},"modified":"2025-11-27T06:27:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T06:27:20","slug":"cattle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/cattle\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar (Cattle)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe atalar\u0131, hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131yd\u0131. M\u00d6 alt\u0131nc\u0131 biny\u0131l kadar erken bir d\u00f6nemde s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n kutsal hayvanlar olarak muamele g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair kan\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r k\u00fcltleri, t\u00fcm Firavunluk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc boyunca M\u0131s\u0131r dininin ve mitolojisinin merkezi bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n “Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131”<\/strong> oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenirdi. Bo\u011falar, eril g\u00fcc\u00fcn ve erkekli\u011fin sembol\u00fc olarak sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir\u00e7ok tanr\u0131, bir bo\u011fa formuna sahipti ve baz\u0131 tap\u0131naklarda kutsal bo\u011falar beslenirdi. Bir inek formu alan bir g\u00f6k tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, en eski M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biriydi. \u0130nek tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, t\u00fcm adlar\u0131yla ilahi olan\u0131n sevgi dolu ve besleyici y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc temsil ediyordu. Kral ve daha sonra genel olarak insanl\u0131k, ilahi ine\u011fin buza\u011f\u0131s\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk zamanlardan itibaren M\u0131s\u0131r kral\u0131, bir s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn lider bo\u011fas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, t\u00fcm rakiplerini yenebilen bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak bo\u011falar, \u00f6zellikle Buchis<\/strong> bo\u011fas\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyada tezah\u00fcr eden sava\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Montu<\/strong> ile ili\u015fkilendirilirdi. Min<\/strong>‘in beyaz bo\u011fas\u0131, eril cinselli\u011fi somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Gizemli kal\u0131t\u0131m s\u00fcreci, krallar\u0131n ve tanr\u0131lar\u0131n “annelerinin bo\u011falar\u0131” olmas\u0131 kavram\u0131yla kutlan\u0131yordu. Mnevis<\/strong> bo\u011fas\u0131, t\u00fcm ya\u015fama kaynak olan yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ra-Atum<\/strong>‘un habercisiydi. Apis<\/strong> bo\u011fas\u0131 ise yarat\u0131c\u0131 tanr\u0131 Ptah<\/strong>‘\u0131n d\u00fcnyevi bir tezah\u00fcr\u00fcyd\u00fc. Ay, dolunay halindeyken g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir gen\u00e7 bo\u011fa, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrken ise ya\u015fl\u0131 bir \u00f6k\u00fcz olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bo\u011fa sembolizmi tamamen olumlu de\u011fildi. Vah\u015fi bo\u011falar, kaos g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sembolleri olarak rit\u00fcelistik bir \u015fekilde avlan\u0131r ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Baz\u0131 anlat\u0131larda, Seth<\/strong>, karde\u015fi Osiris<\/strong>‘i \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00e7i\u011fnemek i\u00e7in bo\u011fa formunu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu Seth-bo\u011fas\u0131, Anubis<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan had\u0131m edilip Osiris’in tabutunu g\u00f6m\u00fclmeye ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni Krall\u0131k<\/a>‘a ait “\u0130ki Karde\u015f” hikayesinde, karde\u015flerden birine, Seth’in bo\u011fa formunun ad\u0131 olan Bata<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bu Bata, kendisini terk edip M\u0131s\u0131r kral\u0131yla evlenen kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret etmek i\u00e7in muhte\u015fem bir bo\u011faya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Krali\u00e7e, Bata’dan kurtulma umuduyla kocas\u0131n\u0131 bu bo\u011fay\u0131 kurban etmeye ikna eder. O zaman Bata, krali\u00e7enin kestirdi\u011fi iki g\u00fczel a\u011faca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Krali\u00e7e yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla a\u011fac\u0131n bir k\u0131ym\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yutar ve hamile kal\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk, yeniden do\u011fmu\u015f olan Bata \u00e7\u0131kar. Bata, “annesinin bo\u011fas\u0131” haline gelmi\u015f ve kendi kendine babal\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piramit Metinleri’nde “batakl\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck vah\u015fi ine\u011fi”, \u00f6len kral\u0131n ahiretteki annesi veya s\u00fctannesi olarak ge\u00e7er. Piramit Metinleri’nin 485a b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcnde, \u00f6len kral, s\u00fct tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Hesat<\/strong>‘\u0131n (Hezat) “alt\u0131n buza\u011f\u0131s\u0131” olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Birbirine paralel iki inek ve buza\u011f\u0131 miti geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Birincisinde, inek tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Mehet-Weret<\/strong> (B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel), zaman\u0131n \u015fafa\u011f\u0131nda ilkel batakl\u0131kta g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011funu do\u011furmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fck yarat\u0131c\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7alar Hathor<\/strong> ve Neith<\/strong>, Mehet-Weret ine\u011fi ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilebilirdi. Neith’in, bebek g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 boynuzlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131na oturmu\u015f halde t\u00fcm M\u0131s\u0131r boyunca ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenirdi. \u0130kinci mitte ise, \u0130het<\/strong> ine\u011fi, Chemmis batakl\u0131klar\u0131nda bebek tanr\u0131 Horus<\/strong>‘u do\u011furmu\u015f ve emzirmi\u015ftir. \u0130het ine\u011fi en yayg\u0131n olarak \u0130sis<\/strong> veya Hathor ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilirdi. Seth’in bir\u00e7ok su\u00e7undan biri, Horus’u emziren inekten s\u00fct \u00e7almakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kraliyet do\u011fum sahneleri, yeni do\u011fan kral\u0131 ve onun ruhunu (ka) emziren iki inek ba\u015fl\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7ay\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Ya\u015fam, istikrar ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn, ilahi ine\u011fin s\u00fct\u00fcyle birlikte krala ge\u00e7ti\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Orta Krall\u0131k’<\/a>tan itibaren, krallar kendilerini bir papir\u00fcs \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde saklanan ilahi bir inek taraf\u0131ndan emzirilirken tasvir ederek Chemmis’teki Horus ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirirlerdi. Kraliyet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 insanlar da zamanla kendilerini ilahi ine\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131rken g\u00f6stererek bu efsanevi arketipin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat<\/strong> (“di\u015fil ruh”) adl\u0131 bir Yukar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcyle ili\u015fkilendirilen en eski inek tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olabilir. Onun k\u00fclt\u00fc daha sonra Hathor’un k\u00fclt\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan emilmi\u015ftir. Hem Hathor hem de g\u00f6k tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Nut<\/strong>, v\u00fccudu y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla s\u00fcsl\u00fc devasa bir inek olarak hayal edilebilirdi. G\u00f6ksel \u0130nek Kitab\u0131<\/strong>, Nut’un g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ilk olarak boynuzlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131na al\u0131p g\u00f6klere nas\u0131l kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. \u0130nek tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n boynuzlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda neredeyse her zaman k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 veya alt\u0131n bir g\u00fcne\u015f diski g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resimli mitlerde g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 her g\u00fcn ine\u011fin karn\u0131 boyunca yolculuk eder. Geceleri ise, bazen Mehet-Weret ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilen yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 nehri boyunca, i\u00e7 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erdi. G\u00f6k ine\u011finin boynuzlu ba\u015f\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015fin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015funun t\u00fcm g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sembol\u00fc olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. G\u00f6k ine\u011fi, g\u00fcne\u015fin g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece formlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furan kozmosun annesiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu fikrin daha da geli\u015ftirilmesiyle, Osiris<\/a>‘in yeniden do\u011fdu\u011fu sand\u0131k, Shentayet<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir inek tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n bedeni haline gelmi\u015ftir. S\u0131radan \u00f6l\u00fcler, ilahi ine\u011fin di\u011fer formlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131lanmay\u0131 umabilirdi. “Sonsuza dek hayatta kalmak” i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan bir b\u00fcy\u00fcde, “\u0130neklerin Efendisi” olan bir bo\u011fa ve Chemmis’li Olan veya Sevgisi B\u00fcy\u00fck Olan gibi isimlere sahip yedi inek yer al\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe atalar\u0131, hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131yd\u0131. M\u00d6 alt\u0131nc\u0131 biny\u0131l kadar erken bir d\u00f6nemde s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n kutsal hayvanlar olarak muamele g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair kan\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r k\u00fcltleri, t\u00fcm Firavunluk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc boyunca M\u0131s\u0131r dininin ve mitolojisinin merkezi bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n “Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131” oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenirdi. Bo\u011falar, eril g\u00fcc\u00fcn ve erkekli\u011fin sembol\u00fc olarak sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir\u00e7ok … <\/p>\n

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