{"id":1620,"date":"2025-07-16T20:08:41","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T17:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1620"},"modified":"2025-11-27T06:27:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T06:27:06","slug":"bes-and-beset","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/bes-and-beset\/","title":{"rendered":"Bes and Beset"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bes<\/strong> ve Beset<\/strong>, do\u011fum ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015fla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili, koruyucu c\u00fcce tanr\u0131lard\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r sanat\u0131nda Aha<\/strong>, Hity<\/strong> (Haty) veya Bes adlar\u0131yla bilinen bir dizi c\u00fcce tanr\u0131 vard\u0131r. Genellikle y\u0131lanlar\u0131 bo\u011farken, b\u0131\u00e7ak sallarken veya m\u00fczik aletleri \u00e7alarken gruplar halinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi. Ad\u0131 “Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelen Aha, iblisler, kaos y\u0131lanlar\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcler gibi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerine sald\u0131r\u0131r ve onlar\u0131 yenerdi. Hity ise, davul veya tef \u00e7alarak, dans ederek ve tepinerek k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kovan bir t\u00fcr ilahi \u015feytan kovucuydu. Bes ve M\u0131s\u0131rbilimcilerin Beset<\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi di\u015fil kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da benzer i\u015flevleri yerine getirirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00d6 ikinci biny\u0131l\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru, Bes ve Beset bazen tanr\u0131 karde\u015fler olan Shu<\/strong> ve Tefnut<\/strong> ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirildi. Paradoksal bir \u015fekilde, Bes, bedeni yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan g\u00f6klere ula\u015fan devasa bir c\u00fcce haline geldi. Ayr\u0131ca yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir embriyonik formu olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilirdi. Bes’in, bebek Bes fig\u00fcrlerini, maymunlar\u0131 veya yavru kedileri emzirirken ya da kucaklarken g\u00f6sterilmesi bu rol\u00fcyle ilgili olabilir. M\u00d6 birinci biny\u0131lda, Horus-Bes<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen birle\u015fik tanr\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fclerde ilahi bir \u015fifac\u0131 ve koruyucu olarak yer al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 “koca kar\u0131lar” muhtemelen Bes’in tuhafl\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda hikayeler anlat\u0131rd\u0131, ancak bunlar yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlarda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. C\u00fcce tanr\u0131\u00e7alarla ilgili kan\u0131tlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla resimseldir. B\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc nesnelerde, yatak odas\u0131 mobilyalar\u0131nda ve makyaj malzemesi kaplar\u0131nda veya uygulamalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi. Bes t\u0131ls\u0131mlar\u0131 ve heykelcikleri 2.000 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre boyunca pop\u00fcler olmu\u015ftur. Baz\u0131 kad\u0131nlar, cinsel ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 veya do\u011furganl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in v\u00fccutlar\u0131na Bes d\u00f6vmeleri bile yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bes’in maskeye benzeyen y\u00fcz\u00fc, geni\u015f g\u00f6zleri, bas\u0131k bir burnu ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya sarkm\u0131\u015f bir dili vard\u0131r. Y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc, bazen bir aslan\u0131n yelesini and\u0131ran sa\u00e7lar \u00e7evreler. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Bes, aslan veya leopar derisinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 giyen bir c\u00fcce olabilir. M\u00d6 ikinci biny\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru ise genellikle yar\u0131 insan, yar\u0131 hayvan bir yarat\u0131k haline gelmi\u015ftir; t\u00fcyl\u00fc bir v\u00fccuda, uzun bir kuyru\u011fa ve “ya\u015fl\u0131 bir maymun” kadar \u00e7irkin bir y\u00fcze sahiptir. Baz\u0131 Bes ve Beset fig\u00fcrlerinin benekli k\u00fcrk\u00fc, Anti<\/strong> oder Seth<\/strong>‘in y\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f derisinin d\u00fczenin \u015fampiyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in koruyucu bir giysi haline geldi\u011fi mitiyle ili\u015fkili olabilir. Bes’in \u00e7irkinli\u011fi ve s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi abart\u0131l\u0131 cinsel organlar\u0131, onu k\u00f6t\u00fcden koruyucu (apotropaik) bir tanr\u0131 olarak daha etkili k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beset<\/strong> de, Bes ile ayn\u0131 aslan maskesi \u00f6zelliklerine sahipti. Bazen bir c\u00fcce, bazen de normal oranlarda bir v\u00fccuda sahip olarak g\u00f6sterilirdi. Beset, \u00e7\u0131plak tasvir edilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisinde tanr\u0131\u00e7alar iki nedenden biriyle soyunur gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir: cinsel g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle d\u00fc\u015fman bir g\u00fcc\u00fc yenmek ya da do\u011fum yapmak i\u00e7in. Beset’in baz\u0131 fig\u00fcrinleri onu hamile olarak g\u00f6sterir. Bir “ilahi anne” olarak Beset, \u0130sis<\/strong> oder Hathor<\/strong>‘un bir formu olabilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ara D\u00f6nem’e ait karma\u015f\u0131k Bes ve Beset fig\u00fcrinleri, Uzak Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Hathor-Tefnut<\/strong> mitine g\u00f6rsel g\u00f6ndermeler i\u00e7erir. O, maymun veya babun formunu alan Shu ve Thoth taraf\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6nmeye ikna edilene kadar N\u00fcbye veya Libya \u00e7\u00f6llerinde bir kedi olarak dola\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Greko-Romen D\u00f6nemi’ndeki tap\u0131naklarda Bes ve Hity gibi c\u00fcce tanr\u0131lar, geri d\u00f6nen tanr\u0131\u00e7ay\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in maymunlar gibi hoplay\u0131p z\u0131plarken ve m\u00fczik yaparken g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminde Bes, genellikle Beset’ten ziyade korkun\u00e7 su ayg\u0131r\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Taweret<\/strong> ile e\u015fle\u015ftirilirdi. Bu iki tanr\u0131, krallar\u0131n ve s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n do\u011fumlar\u0131n\u0131 kutlayan sahnelerde birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi. Bes ve Taweret, M\u00d6 birinci biny\u0131l\u0131n tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda bulunan Do\u011fum Evleri’nde tap\u0131n\u0131lan ilahi bebeklerin de koruyucular\u0131yd\u0131. Tap\u0131nak ve b\u00fcy\u00fc metinleri, bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fabilmesi i\u00e7in rahmi a\u00e7ma g\u00f6revini Bes veya Bes-Shu’ya verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fum sembolizmi, \u00f6l\u00fclerin yeni bir hayata ge\u00e7i\u015fine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in mezarlarda da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kraliyet mezarlar\u0131 ve lahitleri, Bes’i, yeniden do\u011fmay\u0131 umdu\u011fu aslan \u015feklindeki yata\u011f\u0131 koruyan su ayg\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fczl\u00fc iblislerle birlikte g\u00f6sterir. Yak\u0131n zamanda ke\u015ffedilen Alt\u0131n Mumyalar Vadisi’ndeki bir mezar odas\u0131nda, boyal\u0131 bir Bes heykeli dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bes ve Beset, do\u011fum ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015fla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili, koruyucu c\u00fcce tanr\u0131lard\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r sanat\u0131nda Aha, Hity (Haty) veya Bes adlar\u0131yla bilinen bir dizi c\u00fcce tanr\u0131 vard\u0131r. Genellikle y\u0131lanlar\u0131 bo\u011farken, b\u0131\u00e7ak sallarken veya m\u00fczik aletleri \u00e7alarken gruplar halinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi. Ad\u0131 “Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelen Aha, iblisler, kaos y\u0131lanlar\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcler gibi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerine sald\u0131r\u0131r ve onlar\u0131 … <\/p>\n

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