{"id":1602,"date":"2025-07-16T20:00:34","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T17:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1602"},"modified":"2025-11-27T06:25:58","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T06:25:58","slug":"atum-atem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/atum-atem\/","title":{"rendered":"Atum (Atem)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Atum<\/strong>, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yaratan ve yok eden bir yarat\u0131c\u0131 tanr\u0131yd\u0131. Heliopolis’in Ennead<\/strong>‘\u0131 (Dokuzlu Grubu) olarak bilinen dokuz tanr\u0131dan olu\u015fan grubun en ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kendi kendini d\u00f6lleyerek tanr\u0131 karde\u015fler Shu<\/strong> ve Tefnut<\/strong>‘u yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atum ve Ra<\/strong>, genellikle yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ilkel ve g\u00fcne\u015fsel y\u00f6nleri olarak kabul edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ra-Atum<\/strong> (veya Atum-Ra) ad\u0131 verilen birle\u015fik tanr\u0131, “Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Kral\u0131” konumunu belirtmek i\u00e7in Yukar\u0131 ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n \u00c7ift Tac\u0131’n\u0131 takard\u0131. G\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00fcne\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde Atum, “her ak\u015fam ya\u015flanan” batan g\u00fcne\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her b\u00fcy\u00fck varolu\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda ve sonunda Atum, ilkel sularda bir y\u0131lan veya y\u0131lan bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 formunu al\u0131rd\u0131. Atum ve Apophis y\u0131lan\u0131, baz\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131rbilimciler taraf\u0131ndan kaos i\u00e7indeki pozitif ve negatif g\u00fc\u00e7ler olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atum ad\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck veya taml\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelen bir kelimeden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm ya\u015fam potansiyeli Atum’un i\u00e7inde bulunuyordu. \u0130lkel Tepe (Primeval Mound) var oldu\u011funda, Atum’un yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015fa ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 bir yeri olmu\u015ftu. O, ilk iki cinsiyetli tanr\u0131lar\u0131 tasarlad\u0131 ve do\u011furdu. Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n “babas\u0131 ve annesi” olarak Atum, en \u00fcst\u00fcn ilahi ve kraliyet atas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f eyleminde Atum, erekte olmu\u015f penisini tutan veya emen insan formunda g\u00f6sterilirdi. Yeni Krall\u0131k’tan itibaren Atum’un Eli<\/strong>, genellikle Hathor Nebet-hetepet<\/strong> oder \u0130usaas<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir tanr\u0131\u00e7a olarak ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fam\u0131 yaratmak i\u00e7in bir araya gelen el ve penis g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yerini, yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan eril ve di\u015fil ilkeler aras\u0131ndaki ilahi bir birlik kavram\u0131 alabilirdi. Atum’un Eli, ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kovmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir t\u0131ls\u0131m olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc metinlerde de ge\u00e7mektedir. M\u0131s\u0131r sembolizminde, varl\u0131klar ve imgeler genellikle hem cinsel hem de k\u00f6t\u00fcden koruyucu (apotropaik) \u00e7ift anlamlara sahipti. Atum’un ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bir di\u011fer par\u00e7as\u0131 da g\u00f6z\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atum’un Ra ile birle\u015fmesi, Atum’un ilkel karanl\u0131\u011fa \u0131\u015f\u0131k getirmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ndermesi mitinde ifade edilir. Bu g\u00f6z, hem yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 hem de e\u015fi olan bir tanr\u0131\u00e7ayd\u0131. G\u00f6z tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131na esas olarak “Ra’n\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc” denilirdi, ancak ara s\u0131ra “Atum’un G\u00f6z\u00fc” olarak da an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu terimler, bu tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n inat\u00e7\u0131 ve tehlikeli y\u00f6n\u00fc (Ra’n\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc) ile daha uyumlu, koruyucu y\u00f6n\u00fc (Atum’un G\u00f6z\u00fc) aras\u0131ndaki bir kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilirdi. Ancak bazen Ra’n\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f, Atum’un G\u00f6z\u00fc ise ay idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mite dayal\u0131 tarihin daha sonraki bir a\u015famas\u0131nda, Ra-Atum ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131, kaos g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f verdiler. Bu sava\u015f\u0131n kilit olay\u0131, kutsal ished a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kaos canavar\u0131 Apophis<\/strong>‘in katledilmesiydi. Bu a\u011fa\u00e7, Heliopolis’te b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ve t\u00fcm varl\u0131klar\u0131n kaderiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kutsal bir a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131. Bu sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ra-Atum, y\u0131lan \u00f6ld\u00fcren y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lar olan kedi, firavun faresi veya bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l sansar\u0131 formunu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcne\u015f mitolojisinde Atum, genellikle Khepri<\/strong> ile e\u015fle\u015ftirilirdi. Onlar, batan ve do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fi temsil eden tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 z\u0131tl\u0131klard\u0131. Baz\u0131 Yeralt\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Kitaplar\u0131’nda Atum, bastonuna yaslanm\u0131\u015f ya\u015fl\u0131 bir adam olarak g\u00f6sterilir. Bu, M\u0131s\u0131r sanat\u0131nda nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir durumdur ancak g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve tanr\u0131larla insanlar\u0131n isyanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z hale geldi\u011fine dair edebi gelene\u011fi yans\u0131t\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr isyanlar, yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadan ayr\u0131l\u0131p g\u00f6klerde ya\u015famas\u0131 veya t\u00fcm kozmosun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fikliklere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/strong>‘n\u0131n 175. b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcnde Atum, Osiris’i milyonlarca y\u0131l sonra yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015feyi yok edece\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Atum, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yaratan ve yok eden bir yarat\u0131c\u0131 tanr\u0131yd\u0131. Heliopolis’in Ennead‘\u0131 (Dokuzlu Grubu) olarak bilinen dokuz tanr\u0131dan olu\u015fan grubun en ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kendi kendini d\u00f6lleyerek tanr\u0131 karde\u015fler Shu ve Tefnut‘u yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atum ve Ra, genellikle yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ilkel ve g\u00fcne\u015fsel y\u00f6nleri olarak kabul edilirdi. Ra-Atum (veya Atum-Ra) ad\u0131 verilen birle\u015fik tanr\u0131, “Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Kral\u0131” konumunu … <\/p>\n

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Egyptology Encyclopedia"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/a9fba16cbe611cf5d27b7dd6c7ffea1c","name":"Birkan Ayaz","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"de","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/660b7e75c263f625364d2146757cd24803751c1289111d77e9a233a75d6eecc4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/660b7e75c263f625364d2146757cd24803751c1289111d77e9a233a75d6eecc4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/660b7e75c263f625364d2146757cd24803751c1289111d77e9a233a75d6eecc4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Birkan Ayaz"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org"],"url":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/author\/birkanayaz26\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false,"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":false,"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":false,"post_slider_layout_square_large":false,"post_slider_layout_landscape":false,"post_slider_layout_portrait":false,"post_slider_layout_square":false,"archaeology-museums-pro-homepage-thumb":false,"mailpoet_newsletter_max":false,"vw-gallery-image-medium":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Birkan Ayaz","author_link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/author\/birkanayaz26\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Atum, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yaratan ve yok eden bir yarat\u0131c\u0131 tanr\u0131yd\u0131. Heliopolis’in Ennead‘\u0131 (Dokuzlu Grubu) olarak bilinen dokuz tanr\u0131dan olu\u015fan grubun en ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kendi kendini d\u00f6lleyerek tanr\u0131 karde\u015fler Shu ve Tefnut‘u yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atum ve Ra, genellikle yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ilkel ve g\u00fcne\u015fsel y\u00f6nleri olarak kabul edilirdi. 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