{"id":1561,"date":"2025-07-16T15:30:33","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1561"},"modified":"2026-02-24T20:59:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T20:59:02","slug":"pepi-neferkare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/pepi-neferkare\/","title":{"rendered":"Pepi Neferkare (II. Pepi)"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2278 civar\u0131 (6. Hanedanl\u0131k Sonu) \u2013 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 94 Y\u0131l (Manetho’ya g\u00f6re) veya en az 64 y\u0131l. Unvanlar: Pepi (“Ra’n\u0131n Hediyesi”), Neferkare (“Ra’n\u0131n Ruhu G\u00fczeldir”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tarih ve Efsane<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pepi II, \u00fcvey karde\u015fi Merenre I’in gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine, hen\u00fcz 6 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken<\/strong> tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve iddialara g\u00f6re 100 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar ya\u015fayan bir fenomendir. Onun saltanat\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin (ve muhtemelen d\u00fcnya tarihinin) en uzun s\u00fcren tekil h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu uzun \u00f6m\u00fcr, devlet i\u00e7in bir l\u00fctuf de\u011fil, lanet olmu\u015ftur. Pepi II ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a merkezi otorite zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, yerel valiler (Nomarch) kraldan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve Eski Krall\u0131k, yava\u015f yava\u015f “Birinci Ara D\u00f6nem” denilen karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00c7ocuk Kral ve Naip Anne<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pepi II tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda okuma yazmay\u0131 bile yeni \u00f6\u011freniyordu. Bu y\u00fczden devletin dizginleri, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc annesi Ankhesenpepi II<\/strong> ve day\u0131s\u0131 (Vezir) Djau’nun elindeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc Heykel:<\/strong> Brooklyn M\u00fczesi’ndeki \u00fcnl\u00fc alabaster heykel, bu d\u00f6nemi m\u00fckemmel \u00f6zetler. Krali\u00e7e Ankhesenpepi II, kuca\u011f\u0131nda oturan minik Pepi II’yi tutar. Pepi, kraliyet ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taksa da ayaklar\u0131 yere de\u011fmeyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ocuktur. Bu, iktidar\u0131n as\u0131l sahibinin kim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Harkhuf ve Dans Eden Pigme<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pepi II’nin \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6nemine dair en insani ve en \u00fcnl\u00fc belge, Asvanl\u0131 ka\u015fif Harkhuf<\/strong>‘un mezar\u0131ndaki mektuptur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olay:<\/strong> Harkhuf, Afrika’n\u0131n i\u00e7lerinden (Yam \u00dclkesi) d\u00f6nerken krala bir mektup yazar ve yan\u0131nda “Tanr\u0131n\u0131n dans\u0131n\u0131 bilen bir c\u00fcce (Pigme)” getirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ocuk Kral\u0131n Heyecan\u0131:<\/strong> 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Pepi II, protokollere uymayan bir heyecanla cevap yazar: “Hemen kuzeye, saraya gel! O c\u00fcceyi de yan\u0131nda getir. Gemide yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lma, denize d\u00fc\u015fmesin. Uyurken ba\u015f\u0131nda n\u00f6bet\u00e7iler beklesin. Onu sa\u011f salim getirirsen, sana her \u015feyden daha \u00e7ok hediye verece\u011fim!”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemi:<\/strong> Bu mektup, firavunun “tanr\u0131sal” maskesinin ard\u0131ndaki saf \u00e7ocuk heyecan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren nadir belgelerdendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130mar Faaliyetleri<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pepi II, piramidini G\u00fcney Sakkara’da, hanedan\u0131n di\u011fer krallar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piramit (Men-Ankh-Neferkare):<\/strong> “Neferkare’nin Hayat\u0131 Sabittir” ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131, standart boyutlardad\u0131r (52m y\u00fckseklik).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durum:<\/em> D\u0131\u015f kaplamas\u0131 tamamen s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve i\u00e7i \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak mezar odas\u0131ndaki “Piramit Metinleri” ve siyah granit lahit yerinde durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krali\u00e7e Piramitleri:<\/strong> Pepi II, e\u015fleri (Neith, Iput II, Udjebten) i\u00e7in de piramidinin etraf\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck piramitler in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir. Bu kompleks, 6. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131n son b\u00fcy\u00fck an\u0131tsal projesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Feodalizmin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pepi II’nin saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131, devletin eridi\u011fi d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muafiyet Kararnameleri (Koptos Decrees):<\/strong> Kral, yerel tap\u0131naklar\u0131n ve valilerin deste\u011fini almak i\u00e7in onlar\u0131 vergiden muaf tutan fermanlar yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, hazinenin gelirlerini kurutmu\u015f ve merkezi zay\u0131flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nomarch Hanedanlar\u0131:<\/strong> Yerel valiler (Nomarch), art\u0131k kral taraf\u0131ndan atanm\u0131yor, babadan o\u011fula ge\u00e7en yerel hanedanlar kuruyorlard\u0131. Kendi mezarlar\u0131n\u0131 krallar gibi s\u00fcsl\u00fcyor ve kral\u0131 umursam\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim Krizi:<\/strong> Saltanat\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Nil’in seviyesi d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve kurakl\u0131k ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015fl\u0131 ve yetkisiz kral, bu felaketi y\u00f6netememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Efsanevi Nitocris<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pepi II \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde M\u0131s\u0131r parampar\u00e7ayd\u0131. Ondan sonra tahta o\u011flu Merenre II<\/strong> (Nemtyemsaf II) ge\u00e7ti ancak sadece 1 y\u0131l dayanabildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krali\u00e7e Nitocris Efsanesi:<\/strong> Herodot’a g\u00f6re, Merenre II \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra tahta k\u0131z karde\u015fi (veya e\u015fi) Nitocris<\/strong> ge\u00e7ti. Nitocris, karde\u015fini \u00f6ld\u00fcren soylular\u0131 bir yeralt\u0131 ziyafetine davet etti ve Nil’in sular\u0131n\u0131 odaya doldurarak hepsini bo\u011fdu, sonra da intihar etti. Bu hikaye, d\u00f6nemin kaosunu anlatan dramatik bir efsanedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Miras<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pepi II’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle Eski Krall\u0131k resmen sona erdi. “G\u00fcne\u015f Krallar\u0131”n\u0131n, dev piramitlerin ve merkezi otoritenin devri kapand\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r, yakla\u015f\u0131k 100-150 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek olan, sanat\u0131n geriledi\u011fi, i\u00e7 sava\u015flar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fclkenin b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 ARA D\u00d6NEM<\/strong>‘e girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kanawati, Naguib. Conspiracies in the Egyptian Palace: Unis to Pepy I. London: Routledge, 2002.
<\/strong>(Pepi II’nin tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ya\u015f\u0131, uzun saltanat\u0131, vezirleri (Harkhuf, Mehu) ve Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hanedan sonu i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 inceleme; Pepi I-Merenre-Pepi II ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve idari zay\u0131flama.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, 2010.
<\/strong>(Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hanedan kronolojisi ve Pepi II’nin 94 y\u0131ll\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in genel bak\u0131\u015f; Eski Krall\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, nomarkhlar\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve Punt seferleri.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson, 1997.
<\/strong>(Pepi II piramidi ve kompleksi i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 kaynak; mimari detaylar, Piramit Metinleri ve Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hanedan piramit gelene\u011fi analiz edilir.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt’s Great Monuments. New York: Grove Press, 2001.
<\/strong>(Pepi II d\u00f6nemi piramidi ve Saqqara nekropol\u00fc i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 inceleme; in\u015faat teknikleri ve Eski Krall\u0131k sonu yorumlar\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strudwick, Nigel. Texts from the Pyramid Age. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005.
<\/strong>(Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hanedan metinleri ve Pepi II d\u00f6nemi idari belgeler i\u00e7in \u00e7eviri ve yorum; Harkhuf mektuplar\u0131 ve Punt seferleri.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanawati, Naguib & Abder-Raziq, Mahmoud. The Teti Cemetery at Saqqara (ve ilgili Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hanedan mezar kaz\u0131lar\u0131). Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1998-2009.
<\/strong>(Pepi II d\u00f6nemi vezir mezarlar\u0131 (Harkhuf, Mehu) ve idari yap\u0131 i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 kaz\u0131 raporlar\u0131 serisi.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malek, Jaromir. In the Shadow of the Pyramids: Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.
<\/strong>(Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hanedan sonu ve Pepi II d\u00f6nemi mimari\/dini\/idari yenilikler i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 inceleme.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baines, John. “Kingship in Ancient Egypt”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 95-122.
<\/strong>(Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hanedan krall\u0131k ideolojisi ve Pepi II’nin rol\u00fc i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm; uzun saltanat ve merkezi otorite zay\u0131flamas\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fischer, Henry G. Egyptian Titles of the Middle Kingdom. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985.
<\/strong>(Pepi II d\u00f6nemi vezir unvanlar\u0131 ve idari yap\u0131 i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 inceleme; nomarkhlar\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redford, Donald B. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
<\/strong>(Pepi II d\u00f6nemi Nubia seferleri ve d\u0131\u015f ticaret i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 inceleme; Punt seferleri ve nomarkhlar\u0131n etkisi.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2278 civar\u0131 (6. Hanedanl\u0131k Sonu) \u2013 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 94 Y\u0131l (Manetho’ya g\u00f6re) veya en az 64 y\u0131l. Unvanlar: Pepi (“Ra’n\u0131n Hediyesi”), Neferkare (“Ra’n\u0131n Ruhu G\u00fczeldir”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131. Tarih ve Efsane Pepi II, \u00fcvey karde\u015fi Merenre I’in gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine, hen\u00fcz 6 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve iddialara g\u00f6re 100 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar ya\u015fayan … <\/p>\n

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