{"id":1551,"date":"2025-07-16T15:26:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1551"},"modified":"2026-02-24T20:38:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T20:38:15","slug":"unas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/unas\/","title":{"rendered":"Unas"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2375 civar\u0131 (5. Hanedanl\u0131k Sonu) \u2013 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30-33 Y\u0131l. Unvanlar: Unas (“Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kusursuz Olan”), Wadj-Tawy (“\u0130ki Diyar\u0131 Ye\u015ferten”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131.<\/strong><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih ve Efsane <\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Unas, Djedkare Isesi’nin uzun saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve 5. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131 kapatan son firavundur. Onun d\u00f6nemi, M\u0131s\u0131r mezar mimarisinde sessizli\u011fin bozuldu\u011fu and\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Djoser’den Djedkare’ye kadar hi\u00e7bir kral, piramidinin i\u00e7ine tek bir kelime bile yazd\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mezar odalar\u0131 sessiz ve bo\u015ftu. Unas, bu gelene\u011fi k\u00f6kten y\u0131kt\u0131. Mezar odas\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 boydan boya b\u00fcy\u00fc metinleriyle, dualarla ve ilahilerle donatt\u0131. O, “s\u00f6z\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcne” (Heka) inanan ilk krald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Unas’\u0131n saltanat\u0131 uzun s\u00fcrse de, erkek varis konusunda \u015fanss\u0131zd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varis Sorunu:<\/strong> Unas’\u0131n bilinen bir o\u011flu yoktur (veya kendisinden \u00f6nce \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr). Unas \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 5. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131n erkek soyu t\u00fckenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prenses Iput I:<\/strong> Unas’\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Prenses Iput, taht\u0131n anahtar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Iput, bir sonraki hanedan\u0131n kurucusu olan Teti<\/strong> ile evlenerek 6. Hanedanl\u0131k’a ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani Unas’\u0131n kan\u0131, k\u0131z\u0131 \u00fczerinden devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mar Faaliyetleri<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Unas, mezar yeri olarak Sakkara’y\u0131, Djoser’in Basamakl\u0131 Piramidi’nin hemen g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unas Piramidi (Nefer-Isut-Unas):<\/strong> “Unas’\u0131n Yerleri G\u00fczeldir” ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu yap\u0131, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0131\u015f:<\/em> Sadece 43 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki piramit, kalitesiz ta\u015f dolgu ve kerpi\u00e7 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn erozyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir tepe gibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7:<\/em> Ancak dar bir t\u00fcnelden i\u00e7eri girildi\u011finde, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n en iyi korunmu\u015f mezar odalar\u0131ndan biriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Duvarlar saf beyaz alabaster ile kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Tavan, gece g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc simgeleyen koyu mavi \u00fczerine alt\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla s\u00fcsl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Piramit Metinleri<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Unas’\u0131n mezar odas\u0131ndaki as\u0131l olay, duvarlara “M\u0131s\u0131r Mavisi” (Turkuaz) rengiyle kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f binlerce s\u00fctun hiyerogliftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama\u00e7:<\/strong> Bu metinler, kral\u0131n ruhunun bedeninden ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 engelleri a\u015fmas\u0131, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne (y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n aras\u0131na) y\u00fckselmesi ve tanr\u0131larla birle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fclerdir (Spells).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yamyam \u0130lahisi (Cannibal Hymn):<\/strong> Metinlerin en \u00fcnl\u00fc ve en \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc “Utterance 273-274″t\u00fcr. Burada Unas, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc (Heka) \u00e7almak i\u00e7in onlar\u0131 avlayan, pi\u015firen ve yiyen vah\u015fi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak tasvir edilir: “Unas, onlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yiyen, ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 yutan bo\u011fad\u0131r.”<\/em> Bu, kral\u0131n kozmik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren metaforik ve \u015fiddetli bir \u015fiirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miras:<\/strong> Unas’\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gelenek, daha sonra halka inerek “Tabut Metinleri”ne ve nihayetinde \u00fcnl\u00fc “\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131”na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131tl\u0131k ve \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f \u0130\u015faretleri<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Unas’\u0131n piramit yolunda (Causeway) bulunan kabartmalar, d\u00f6nemin sosyal durumu hakk\u0131nda karanl\u0131k ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7l\u0131k Sahnesi:<\/strong> Duvarlarda, kaburgalar\u0131 say\u0131lan, bir deri bir kemik kalm\u0131\u015f, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmek \u00fczere olan insanlar\u0131n tasvirleri bulunmu\u015ftur. M\u0131s\u0131r sanat\u0131nda “sefalet” ve “k\u0131tl\u0131k” nadiren resmedilir. Bu sahneler, Unas d\u00f6neminin sonunda ciddi bir kurakl\u0131k veya ekonomik kriz ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131 olabilir. Bu kriz, Eski Krall\u0131k’\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn (6. Hanedanl\u0131k sonu) habercisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Miras<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Unas, yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Sakkara’daki “yaz\u0131l\u0131” piramidine g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Erkek varisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in damad\u0131 Teti tahta ge\u00e7ti ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde yeni bir hanedan (6. Hanedanl\u0131k) ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unas, fiziksel olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir piramit, ancak manevi olarak devasa bir miras b\u0131rakt\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r dini literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn babas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Allen, James P. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005 (g\u00fcncel bask\u0131lar).
(Piramit Metinleri’nin en g\u00fcncel \u00e7evirisi ve yorumu; Unas piramidindeki metinler ilk kez onun d\u00f6neminde tam olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 inan\u00e7lar ve rit\u00fceller i\u00e7in temel kaynak.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faulkner, Raymond O. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969 (veya modern yeniden bask\u0131lar).
(Klasik \u0130ngilizce \u00e7eviri ve yorum; Unas metinleri i\u00e7in uzun y\u0131llar standart referans.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mercer, Samuel A.B. The Pyramid Texts in Translation and Commentary. New York: Longmans, Green, 1952.
(Piramit Metinleri’nin erken \u00e7evirisi; Unas metinleri i\u00e7in klasik referans.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson, 1997.
(Unas piramidi ve kompleksi i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 kaynak; mimari, i\u00e7 metinler ve Be\u015finci Hanedan sonu analiz edilir.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt’s Great Monuments. New York: Grove Press, 2001.
(Unas piramidi ve Piramit Metinleri i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 inceleme; Be\u015finci Hanedan sonu mimari ve dini yenilikler.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, 2010.
(Be\u015finci Hanedan sonu kronolojisi ve Unas’\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in genel bak\u0131\u015f; Piramit Metinleri’nin dini \u00f6nemi ve Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hanedan ge\u00e7i\u015fi.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Altenm\u00fcller, Hartwig. Die Pyramidentexte des Unas. Gl\u00fcckstadt: Verlag J.J. Augustin, 1961-1969 (ve sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar).
(Unas piramit metinleri \u00fczerine klasik uzman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; metinlerin \u00e7evirisi ve yorumu i\u00e7in birincil akademik kaynak.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baines, John. “Kingship in Ancient Egypt”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 95-122.
(Be\u015finci Hanedan krall\u0131k ideolojisi ve Unas’\u0131n rol\u00fc i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm; Piramit Metinleri ve \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 inan\u00e7lar.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allen, James P. “The Pyramid Texts”. Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths, and Personal Practice, ed. Byron E. Shafer, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991, s. 96-112.
(Piramit Metinleri’nin dini ve felsefi \u00f6nemi \u00fczerine uzman makale; Unas’\u0131n yenili\u011fi vurgulan\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sethe, Kurt. Die alt\u00e4gyptischen Pyramidentexte. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1908-1922 (veya modern yeniden bask\u0131lar).
(Piramit Metinleri’nin klasik hiyeroglif transkripsiyonu ve yorumu; Unas metinleri i\u00e7in temel kaynak.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2375 civar\u0131 (5. Hanedanl\u0131k Sonu) \u2013 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30-33 Y\u0131l. Unvanlar: Unas (“Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kusursuz Olan”), Wadj-Tawy (“\u0130ki Diyar\u0131 Ye\u015ferten”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131. Tarih ve Efsane Unas, Djedkare Isesi’nin uzun saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve 5. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131 kapatan son firavundur. Onun d\u00f6nemi, M\u0131s\u0131r mezar mimarisinde sessizli\u011fin bozuldu\u011fu and\u0131r. Djoser’den Djedkare’ye kadar hi\u00e7bir kral, piramidinin … <\/p>\n

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