{"id":1539,"date":"2025-07-16T15:21:42","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:21:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1539"},"modified":"2026-02-24T21:00:44","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T21:00:44","slug":"neferefre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/neferefre\/","title":{"rendered":"Neferefre"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2475 civar\u0131 (5. Hanedanl\u0131k) \u2013 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 Y\u0131l (Manetho’ya g\u00f6re). Unvanlar: Neferirkare (“Ra’n\u0131n Ruhu G\u00fczeldir”), Kakai (Do\u011fum \u0130smi), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tarih ve Efsane<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Neferirkare Kakai, Sahure’den sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve 5. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc firavunudur. Onun d\u00f6nemi, firavunun “ula\u015f\u0131lamaz tanr\u0131” imaj\u0131n\u0131n yumu\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve soylularla\/rahiplerle daha i\u00e7li d\u0131\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir “h\u00fcmanizm” d\u00f6nemidir. Ancak Neferirkare’nin as\u0131l \u00f6nemi ta\u015ftan de\u011fil, papir\u00fcsten<\/strong> gelir. Onun mezar kompleksinde bulunan “Abusir Papir\u00fcsleri”<\/strong>, Eski Krall\u0131k’\u0131n ekonomik ve idari yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131yan en eski ve en detayl\u0131 ar\u015fivdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Neferirkare’nin soya\u011fac\u0131, hanedan\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritiktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sahure’nin Karde\u015fi mi?:<\/strong> Uzun s\u00fcre Sahure’nin o\u011flu san\u0131lsa da, son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar onun Sahure’nin karde\u015fi (Userkaf’\u0131n o\u011flu) olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krali\u00e7e Khentkaus II:<\/strong> Neferirkare’nin e\u015fi Khentkaus II<\/strong>, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biridir. Kendisi i\u00e7in bir piramit yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve “\u0130ki Kral\u0131n Annesi” (Neferefre ve Nyuserre) unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kocas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra taht naipli\u011fi yaparak hanedan\u0131 ayakta tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saltanat Y\u0131llar\u0131<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Neferirkare d\u00f6nemi, merkezi otoritenin yava\u015f yava\u015f soylulara kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemdir. Kral\u0131n insani y\u00f6n\u00fcne dair \u00fcnl\u00fc bir anekdot, veziri Rawer<\/strong>‘in mezar yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7er:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asa Kazas\u0131:<\/strong> Bir t\u00f6ren s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kral Neferirkare’nin asas\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla Vezir Rawer’in aya\u011f\u0131na \u00e7arpar. O d\u00f6nemde krala (tanr\u0131ya) dokunmak veya onun taraf\u0131ndan vurulmak \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir tabudur\/su\u00e7tur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kral\u0131n Tepkisi:<\/strong> Kral derhal t\u00f6reni durdurur ve “Ona zarar gelmesin, o benim i\u00e7in herkesten de\u011ferlidir”<\/em> diyerek vezirini affeder ve iyile\u015fmesi i\u00e7in dua eder. Bu olay, firavunun art\u0131k “cezaland\u0131ran tanr\u0131” de\u011fil, “merhametli y\u00f6netici” oldu\u011funun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mar Faaliyetleri<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Neferirkare, karde\u015fi Sahure gibi mezar yeri olarak Abusir’i se\u00e7mi\u015f, ancak ondan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir proje ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neferirkare Piramidi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boyut:<\/em> Orijinal y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 72 metreye ula\u015facak \u015fekilde planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Abusir’deki en y\u00fcksek piramittir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u011fi\u015fen Plan:<\/em> \u0130n\u015faat \u00f6nce 6 basamakl\u0131 bir piramit olarak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, sonra basamaklar doldurularak 8 basamakl\u0131 “Ger\u00e7ek Piramit” formuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131m Kalan Eser:<\/em> Kral\u0131n erken \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle piramidin d\u0131\u015f kaplamas\u0131 (granit k\u0131s\u0131mlar) tamamlanamam\u0131\u015f, sadece alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar bitirilebilmi\u015ftir. Piramit bug\u00fcn basamakl\u0131 bir tepe g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u015fif<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda, Neferirkare’nin piramit tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda, ka\u00e7ak kaz\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ar\u015fivlerinden biri bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7erik:<\/strong> Bu papir\u00fcsler, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fleyi\u015fini, rahiplerin n\u00f6bet \u00e7izelgelerini, tap\u0131na\u011fa gelen kurbanl\u0131k hayvanlar\u0131n envanterini, sunulan ekmek ve bira miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 ve saraydan gelen emirleri i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemi:<\/strong> M\u0131s\u0131r ekonomisinin, vergi sisteminin ve tap\u0131nak b\u00fcrokrasisinin nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan “Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131” kadar de\u011ferli belgelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dini Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Neferirkare de atalar\u0131 gibi bir G\u00fcne\u015f Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir: Setibre<\/strong> (“Ra’n\u0131n Kalbinin Yeri”).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durum:<\/strong> Bu tap\u0131nak metinlerde en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcne\u015f tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7er ancak arkeolojik olarak hen\u00fcz yeri kesin tespit edilememi\u015ftir (muhtemelen kumlar\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r). Bu tap\u0131na\u011fa yap\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar, Palermo Ta\u015f\u0131’nda detayl\u0131ca listelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Miras\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Neferirkare, piramidi tam bitmeden \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Cenaze i\u015flerini ve tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 (daha ucuz malzemelerle, kerpi\u00e7le) o\u011flu ve halefi Neferefre ile e\u015fi Khentkaus II \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neferirkare’nin miras\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r devletinin kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Art\u0131k her \u015fey kay\u0131t alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ancak vezirlerin ve yerel y\u00f6neticilerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi, ileride Eski Krall\u0131k’\u0131n sonunu getirecek olan “feodalizmin” tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt’s Great Monuments. New York: Grove Press, 2001.
<\/strong>(Neferefre’nin Abusir piramidi ve tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 inceleme; Be\u015finci Hanedan mimari k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi ve Ra k\u00fclt\u00fc yorumlar\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verner, Miroslav. Abusir: The Realm of Osiris. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2002.
<\/strong>(Abusir nekropol\u00fc ve Neferefre kompleksi kaz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in en detayl\u0131 arkeolojik kaynak; piramit, g\u00fcne\u015f tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve k\u0131sa saltanat buluntular\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson, 1997.
<\/strong>(Neferefre piramidi ve Abusir kompleksi i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 kaynak; tamamlanmama nedenleri, mimari teknikler ve Neferirkare-Neferefre ge\u00e7i\u015fi analiz edilir.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, 2010.
<\/strong>(Be\u015finci Hanedan kronolojisi ve Neferefre’nin k\u0131sa h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in genel bak\u0131\u015f; Ra k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn devam\u0131 ve ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi yorumlar\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posener-Kri\u00e9ger, Paule. Les Archives du Temple Fun\u00e9raire de N\u00e9ferirkare-Kaka\u00ef. Cairo: Institut Fran\u00e7ais d’Arch\u00e9ologie Orientale, 1976.
<\/strong>(Abusir papir\u00fcsleri ve Be\u015finci Hanedan idari belgeler i\u00e7in birincil kaynak; Neferefre d\u00f6nemi tap\u0131nak y\u00f6netimi ve k\u0131sa saltanat ba\u011flam\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malek, Jaromir. In the Shadow of the Pyramids: Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.
<\/strong>(Be\u015finci Hanedan ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve Neferefre d\u00f6nemi mimari\/dini yenilikler i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 inceleme.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verner, Miroslav. “The Pyramid of Neferefre at Abusir”. Abusir Reports, Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, 1995-2000.
<\/strong>(Neferefre piramidi kaz\u0131 raporlar\u0131 serisi; mimari detaylar, tamamlanmama nedenleri ve Ra rit\u00fcelleri i\u00e7in birincil kaynak.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baines, John. “Kingship in Ancient Egypt”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 95-122.
<\/strong>(Be\u015finci Hanedan krall\u0131k ideolojisi ve Neferefre’nin rol\u00fc i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm; Ra k\u00fclt\u00fc ve Horus ad\u0131 sembolizmi.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuzzolo, Massimiliano. The Fifth Dynasty Sun Temples. Prague: Charles University, 2018.
<\/strong>(Be\u015finci Hanedan g\u00fcne\u015f tap\u0131naklar\u0131 ve Neferefre d\u00f6nemi tap\u0131nak kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine en g\u00fcncel uzman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; mimari ve dini anlam.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2475 civar\u0131 (5. Hanedanl\u0131k) \u2013 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 Y\u0131l (Manetho’ya g\u00f6re). Unvanlar: Neferirkare (“Ra’n\u0131n Ruhu G\u00fczeldir”), Kakai (Do\u011fum \u0130smi), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131. Tarih ve Efsane Neferirkare Kakai, Sahure’den sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve 5. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc firavunudur. Onun d\u00f6nemi, firavunun “ula\u015f\u0131lamaz tanr\u0131” imaj\u0131n\u0131n yumu\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve soylularla\/rahiplerle daha i\u00e7li d\u0131\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir “h\u00fcmanizm” d\u00f6nemidir. Ancak … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “Neferefre”<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3,6,117],"tags":[18],"class_list":["post-1539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eski-krallik-donemi","category-kral","category-v-hanedan","tag-eski-krallik-donemi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t