{"id":1529,"date":"2025-07-16T15:17:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1529"},"modified":"2026-02-23T11:19:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T11:19:15","slug":"shepseskaf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/shepseskaf\/","title":{"rendered":"Shepseskaf"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2510 civar\u0131 (4. Hanedanl\u0131k Sonu) \u2013 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 4-5 Y\u0131l. Unvanlar: Shepseskaf (“Ruhu Asil Olan”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih ve Efsane<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Shepseskaf, babas\u0131 Menkaure’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve M\u0131s\u0131rbilimcileri y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan bir karar alan firavundur. Dedeleri (Sneferu, Khufu, Kefren) ve babas\u0131, G\u00fcne\u015f K\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn sembol\u00fc olan piramit formunu tanr\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n tek yolu olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shepseskaf ise tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fok edici iki karar ald\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atalar\u0131n\u0131n nekropol\u00fcn\u00fc b\u0131rakt\u0131. Mezar\u0131n\u0131 sivri bir piramit olarak de\u011fil, devasa bir dikd\u00f6rtgen lahit (Mastaba) formunda in\u015fa ettirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hamle, tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan ya “Heliopolis rahiplerinin artan g\u00fcc\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki” ya da “ekonomik t\u00fckeni\u015fin itiraf\u0131” olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Shepseskaf, Menkaure’nin o\u011fludur. Ancak muhtemelen en b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu (veliaht) de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Menkaure’nin as\u0131l veliaht\u0131 olan Prens Khuenre erken ya\u015fta \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Shepseskaf tahta ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, babas\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131m kalan i\u015flerini tamamlamak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giza’y\u0131 terk etmesine ra\u011fmen, babas\u0131 Menkaure’nin yar\u0131m kalan Vadi Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 tamamlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak zaman ve para k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in babas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 granit bloklar\u0131 de\u011fil, kerpi\u00e7 tu\u011flalar\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tap\u0131na\u011fa b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131tta “Bunu babas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131”<\/em> ifadesi yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mar Faaliyetleri<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Shepseskaf, mezar yeri olarak Giza’y\u0131 de\u011fil, G\u00fcney Sakkara’y\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u0130n\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi yap\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r mimarisinin en \u00f6zg\u00fcn eserlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firavun’un Sediri (Mastabat el-Faraun):<\/strong> Araplar\u0131n “Firavun’un Otura\u011f\u0131\/Sediri” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi bu yap\u0131, devasa bir dikd\u00f6rtgen bloktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Form:<\/em> Yap\u0131, dev bir kraliyet lahdine (sarcophagus) benzer. \u00dcst k\u0131sm\u0131 kavisli (tonozlu) bir \u00e7at\u0131ya sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boyutlar:<\/em> 100 metre uzunlu\u011funda, 74 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 18 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malzeme:<\/em> \u0130\u00e7i kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bloklardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise (aynen babas\u0131n\u0131n piramidi gibi) alt k\u0131s\u0131mlarda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 granit, \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlarda Tura kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 ile kaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani piramit yapmasa da kaliteden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dini<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Shepseskaf’\u0131n neden piramit yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teolojik Tepki:<\/strong> Piramit (Benben), G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ra’n\u0131n sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Shepseskaf’\u0131n dikd\u00f6rtgen formu se\u00e7mesi, Ra rahiplerinin siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rmak ve daha eski olan “Atum”<\/strong> oder “Osiris”<\/strong> inanc\u0131na (\u00d6l\u00fcler Diyar\u0131 Tanr\u0131s\u0131) d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlan\u0131r. Yap\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekli, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n en eski tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndan olan “Buto Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131”na da benzer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaman Bask\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> K\u0131sa s\u00fcrecek bir saltanat\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettiyse (veya ya\u015fl\u0131ysa), bitmesi on y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek bir piramit yerine daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bitecek bir mastaba se\u00e7mi\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Miras<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Shepseskaf, yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u0131sa saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle 4. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131n biyolojik erkek soyu (kesin olmamakla birlikte) t\u00fckenme noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khentkaus I (K\u00f6pr\u00fc Krali\u00e7e):<\/strong> Shepseskaf’\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 (veya karde\u015fi) oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Krali\u00e7e Khentkaus I<\/strong>, bir sonraki hanedan\u0131n (5. Hanedanl\u0131k) krallar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furarak veya onlarla evlenerek kan ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shepseskaf, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin “G\u00fcne\u015f Krallar\u0131” ile “G\u00fcne\u015f Tap\u0131naklar\u0131 Krallar\u0131” (5. Hanedanl\u0131k) aras\u0131ndaki o gri b\u00f6lgedir. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle, devasa ta\u015f bloklar\u0131n yerini daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck piramitler ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck dini metinler alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson, 1997.
(Shepseskaf’\u0131n Saqqara mastabas\u0131 ve piramit gelene\u011finin sonu i\u00e7in en kapsaml\u0131 kaynak; mastaba tercihi, ekonomik nedenler ve Menkaure-Shepseskaf ge\u00e7i\u015fi detayl\u0131 analiz edilir.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt’s Great Monuments. New York: Grove Press, 2001.
(D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan sonu ve Shepseskaf d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 inceleme; mastaba in\u015faat\u0131, piramit gelene\u011finin de\u011fi\u015fimi ve Be\u015finci Hanedan’a ge\u00e7i\u015f yorumlar\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, 2010.
(D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan kronolojisi ve Shepseskaf’\u0131n k\u0131sa h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in genel bak\u0131\u015f; mastaba tercihi ve Eski Krall\u0131k sonu yorumlar\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dodson, Aidan & Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.
(Shepseskaf’\u0131n aile ili\u015fkileri, Menkaure halefli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan sonu kronolojisi i\u00e7in en iyi referanslardan biri.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malek, Jaromir. In the Shadow of the Pyramids: Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.
(D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan sonu ve Shepseskaf d\u00f6nemi mimari de\u011fi\u015fimler i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 inceleme; mastaba ve Be\u015finci Hanedan ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lauer, Jean-Philippe. Saqqara: The Royal Necropolis. Cairo: Institut Fran\u00e7ais d’Arch\u00e9ologie Orientale, 1976-2001 (Saqqara kaz\u0131 raporlar\u0131 serisi).
(Shepseskaf’\u0131n Saqqara mastabas\u0131 ve D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan sonu yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in birincil arkeolojik kaynak.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baines, John. “Kingship in Ancient Egypt”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 95-122.
(D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan krall\u0131k ideolojisi ve Shepseskaf’\u0131n rol\u00fc i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm; Horus ad\u0131 ve saltanat sembolizmi.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seidlmayer, Stephan J. “The Fourth Dynasty”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 168-195.
(D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan genel tarihi ve Shepseskaf d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm; mastaba tercihi ve ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi vurgulan\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edwards, I.E.S. The Pyramids of Egypt. London: Penguin Books, 1993 (g\u00fcncel bask\u0131lar).
(Shepseskaf mastabas\u0131 ve piramit gelene\u011finin sonu i\u00e7in klasik a\u00e7\u0131klama.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2510 civar\u0131 (4. Hanedanl\u0131k Sonu) \u2013 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 4-5 Y\u0131l. Unvanlar: Shepseskaf (“Ruhu Asil Olan”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131. Tarih ve Efsane Shepseskaf, babas\u0131 Menkaure’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve M\u0131s\u0131rbilimcileri y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan bir karar alan firavundur. Dedeleri (Sneferu, Khufu, Kefren) ve babas\u0131, G\u00fcne\u015f K\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn sembol\u00fc olan piramit formunu tanr\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n tek yolu olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. … <\/p>\n

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