{"id":1513,"date":"2025-07-16T15:09:55","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:09:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1513"},"modified":"2026-02-22T10:59:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-22T10:59:24","slug":"khaba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/khaba\/","title":{"rendered":"Khaba"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2640 civar\u0131 (3. Hanedanl\u0131k) \u2013 Tahminen 4-6 Y\u0131l. Unvanlar: Horus Khaba (“Ruh Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tarih ve Efsane <\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Eski Krall\u0131k tarihinin karanl\u0131k krallar\u0131ndan biri olan Khaba, Sekhemkhet’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve muhtemelen \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bir firavundur. \u0130smi “Ruh (Ba) Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar” anlam\u0131na gelir. Khaba hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar o kadar k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r ki, ismi Turin Kral Listesi’nde veya Abydos listelerinde do\u011frudan ge\u00e7mez (burada “silinmi\u015f” veya “Huni” ismiyle birle\u015fmi\u015f olabilir). Onun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, metinlerden ziyade, Kahire’nin g\u00fcneyindeki Zawyet el-Aryan b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan ve tamamlanamam\u0131\u015f bir an\u0131t olan “Katmanl\u0131 Piramit”<\/strong> (Layer Pyramid) sayesinde bilinmektedir. Khaba, Djoser ve Sekhemkhet’in ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 piramit in\u015fa etme gelene\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ancak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re \u00f6mr\u00fc (veya siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fc) bu projeyi bitirmeye yetmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6keni ve Ailesi<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Khaba’n\u0131n soya\u011fac\u0131 tam bir bulmacad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sekhemkhet’in Halefi:<\/strong> Arkeolojik s\u0131ralama ve mimari stil, onun Sekhemkhet’ten hemen sonra geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Sekhemkhet’in o\u011flu veya karde\u015fi olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huni Teorisi:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131rbilimciler, “Khaba”n\u0131n kral\u0131n Horus ismi, “Huni”nin ise Do\u011fum ismi (Nisu-Bity) oldu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131n asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi<\/strong> oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Ancak Zawyet el-Aryan’daki yap\u0131n\u0131n Huni’nin Meidum’daki faaliyetleriyle (veya uzun saltanat\u0131yla) uyu\u015fmamas\u0131, Khaba’n\u0131n Huni’den \u00f6nceki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli bir kral oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mar Faaliyetleri<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Khaba’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck miras\u0131, Giza’n\u0131n 7 km g\u00fcneyindeki Zawyet el-Aryan \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde y\u00fckselen garip yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katmanl\u0131 Yap\u0131 (Layer Pyramid):<\/strong> Bu piramit, klasik piramitlerden farkl\u0131 bir teknikle in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teknik:<\/em> Merkezi bir \u00e7ekirde\u011fin etraf\u0131na, i\u00e7e do\u011fru e\u011fimli (yakla\u015f\u0131k 68 derece) duvar katmanlar\u0131 (dilimler) \u00f6r\u00fclerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sanki bir so\u011fan\u0131n katmanlar\u0131 gibidir. Bu teknik, 3. Hanedanl\u0131k mimarisinin imzas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boyut:<\/em> Planlanan taban kenar\u0131 84 metredir. E\u011fer bitseydi, yakla\u015f\u0131k 40-45 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde, 5 basamakl\u0131 bir piramit olacakt\u0131. Ancak \u015fu an sadece 17 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde bir tepe g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mastaba Z-500:<\/strong> Piramidin hemen kuzeyinde bulunan bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mastaba, Khaba’n\u0131n kimli\u011finin anahtar\u0131d\u0131r. Burada yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda, \u00fczerinde Khaba’n\u0131n Horus isminin kaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu 8 adet ta\u015f kase<\/strong> (dolomit ve dioritten) bulunmu\u015ftur. Piramidin i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7 yaz\u0131t olmasa da, bu yan mezardaki kaseler, piramidin Khaba’ya ait oldu\u011funun en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saltanat Y\u0131llar\u0131<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Khaba’n\u0131n saltanat\u0131na dair, piramit in\u015faat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda neredeyse hi\u00e7bir kay\u0131t yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131m Kalan \u0130\u015fler:<\/strong> Piramidin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n erken a\u015famada durmas\u0131 ve \u00e7evresindeki yap\u0131lar\u0131n tamamlanamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, kral\u0131n ani bir \u015fekilde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. Tahminlere g\u00f6re 4 ila 6 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda tahtta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcrokrasi:<\/strong> D\u00f6nemine ait “Hi-ef-ra” gibi baz\u0131 y\u00fcksek memurlar\u0131n isimleri bilinmektedir, bu da devlet \u00e7arklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemeye devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Mezar\u0131<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Arkeologlar 1900’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda piramidin alt\u0131na indiklerinde, tan\u0131d\u0131k bir manzarayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezar Odas\u0131:<\/strong> Piramidin alt\u0131nda, kayaya oyulmu\u015f koridorlar ve 32 adet depo odas\u0131 bulunur (Sekhemkhet’in d\u00fczenine benzer). Ancak mezar odas\u0131 tamamen bo\u015ftur. Ne bir lahit, ne bir mumya izi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yorum:<\/strong> Khaba muhtemelen buraya hi\u00e7 g\u00f6m\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Erken \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle belki de daha m\u00fctevaz\u0131 ba\u015fka bir yere defnedilmi\u015f veya hanedan i\u00e7i bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sonucu mezar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Miras<\/strong><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Khaba, 3. Hanedanl\u0131k’\u0131n “Duraklama Devri”ni temsil eder. Djoser ile ba\u015flayan ivme, Sekhemkhet ve Khaba’n\u0131n k\u0131sa saltanatlar\u0131yla yava\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle tahta ge\u00e7ecek olan Huni<\/strong> (veya Sneferu), mimariyi Meidum Piramidi ile tekrar zirveye ta\u015f\u0131yacak ve “Ger\u00e7ek Piramit” formuna giden yolu a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khaba, \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f bir r\u00fcya ve ta\u015f kaselere kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir isim olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson, 1997.
(Khaba’n\u0131n Zawyet el-Aryan’daki tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f piramidi i\u00e7in en kapsaml\u0131 kaynak; mimari detaylar, basamakl\u0131 yap\u0131 ve tamamlanmama nedenleri detayl\u0131 analiz edilir.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt’s Great Monuments. New York: Grove Press, 2001.
(\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan piramitleri ve Khaba’n\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc piramidi i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 inceleme; teknik \u00e7izimler ve yorumlar.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, 2010.
(\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan kronolojisi ve Khaba’n\u0131n k\u0131sa h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in genel bak\u0131\u015f; tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f piramit ve ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi yorumlar\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dodson, Aidan & Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.
(Khaba’n\u0131n aile ili\u015fkileri, Sekhemkhet halefli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan kronolojisi i\u00e7in en iyi referanslardan biri.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lauer, Jean-Philippe. Saqqara: The Royal Necropolis. Cairo: Institut Fran\u00e7ais d’Arch\u00e9ologie Orientale, 1976-2001 (Saqqara kaz\u0131 raporlar\u0131 serisi).
(Sekhemkhet ve Khaba d\u00f6nemi piramitleri i\u00e7in birincil arkeolojik kaynak; Zawyet el-Aryan kaz\u0131lar\u0131 ve tamamlanmama nedenleri.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malek, Jaromir. In the Shadow of the Pyramids: Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.
(\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan genel tarihi ve Khaba d\u00f6nemi mimari yenilikler i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 inceleme.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lauer, Jean-Philippe. “The Step Pyramid of Saqqara”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 123-145.
(Sekhemkhet ve Khaba piramitleri ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan mimari geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f genel referans.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2640 civar\u0131 (3. Hanedanl\u0131k) \u2013 Tahminen 4-6 Y\u0131l. Unvanlar: Horus Khaba (“Ruh Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131. Tarih ve Efsane Eski Krall\u0131k tarihinin karanl\u0131k krallar\u0131ndan biri olan Khaba, Sekhemkhet’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan ve muhtemelen \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bir firavundur. \u0130smi “Ruh (Ba) Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar” anlam\u0131na gelir. Khaba hakk\u0131nda … <\/p>\n

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