{"id":1511,"date":"2025-07-16T15:09:10","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1511"},"modified":"2026-02-21T21:16:10","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T21:16:10","slug":"sanakhte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/sanakhte\/","title":{"rendered":"Sanakhte"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2650 civar\u0131 (3. Hanedanl\u0131k) \u2013 S\u00fcresi belirsiz (Tahminen 6-18 Y\u0131l) Unvanlar: Horus Sanakht (“Muzaffer Koruyucu”), Nebka (Kartu\u015f\/Kral Listelerindeki olas\u0131 ismi), Mesochris (Manetho’ya g\u00f6re).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih ve Efsane<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Eski Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fafa\u011f\u0131nda Piramitlerin babas\u0131 Djoser’in ihti\u015faml\u0131 g\u00f6lgesinde kalm\u0131\u015f, ancak hem tarihsel konumu hem de fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri ile M\u0131s\u0131rbilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bir fig\u00fcr durur, Sanakht. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu firavunu, arkeolojik kay\u0131tlarda “Horus Sanakht” olarak ge\u00e7erken, daha sonraki Ramesside d\u00f6nemi kral listelerinde muhtemelen “Nebka” ismiyle an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sanakht’\u0131n \u00f6nemi, in\u015fa etti\u011fi yap\u0131lardan ziyade, kemikleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan modern t\u0131bbi analizlerden gelir. O d\u00fcnya tarihinde te\u015fhis edilmi\u015f en eski Gigantizm (Devlik) vakas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kronolojik Kriz<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sanakht’\u0131n hanedan i\u00e7indeki yeri, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en hararetli tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131ndan biridir. Elimizdeki veriler iki z\u0131t senaryoyu i\u015faret eder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klasik G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Antik tarih\u00e7i Manetho ve Turin Kral Listesi, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurucusu olarak “Nebka”y\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. E\u011fer Sanakht = Nebka ise, Djoser’den \u00f6nce h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Abydos’ta yap\u0131lan son ke\u015fifler bu klasik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr niteliktedir. \u0130kinci Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n son kral\u0131 Khasekhemwy’nin mezar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcrleyen ve cenazesini kald\u0131ran ki\u015finin Djoser <\/a>oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r gelene\u011finde “selefini g\u00f6men, taht\u0131n varisidir.” Bu nedenle modern M\u0131s\u0131rbilimciler (Toby Wilkinson, Kenneth Kitchen gibi), Sanakht’\u0131n Djoser’den sonra (belki de halefi Sekhemkhet<\/a>‘ten bile sonra) h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ederler. Bu teoriye g\u00f6re Sanakht, Djoser’in karde\u015fi veya hanedan\u0131n yan kollar\u0131ndan gelen bir prens olabilir ve Djoser’in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc miras\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sim Sorunsal\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sanakht, kral\u0131n “Horus \u0130smi”dir. Ancak listelerdeki “Nebka” ismiyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. John Garstang taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen bir kil m\u00fch\u00fcr fragman\u0131nda, “Sanakht” serekh’inin yan\u0131nda, hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir kartu\u015fun i\u00e7inde “Ka” hece i\u015fareti g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Wilkinson ve Stadelmann gibi uzmanlar, bu bo\u015flu\u011fun “Neb” i\u015faretiyle tamamlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Sanakht’\u0131n di\u011fer isminin Nebka oldu\u011funu savunurlar. Nabil Swelim ve Wolfgang Helck gibi baz\u0131 uzmanlar ise bu e\u015fle\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak, Sanakht’\u0131n Manetho’nun listesindeki “Mesochris” olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saltanat Faaliyetleri<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sanakht’\u0131n saltanat\u0131na dair yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler azd\u0131r, ancak askeri ve ticari vizyonunun Djoser ile paralel oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sina Seferleri (Wadi Maghara) Sanakht’\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair en somut kan\u0131tlar, Sina Yar\u0131madas\u0131’ndaki Wadi Maghara b\u00f6lgesindedir. Burada bulunan kaya kabartmalar\u0131nda, kral\u0131n klasik “d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 tepeleme” (smiting) sahnesi yer al\u0131r. Kral\u0131n, tanr\u0131 Wepwawet veya Thoth’un sanca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde durdu\u011fu bu sahneler, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n turkuaz ve bak\u0131r madenleri \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn 3. Hanedanl\u0131k boyunca kesintisiz devam etti\u011fini bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mezar<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sanakht’\u0131n nereye g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kesin de\u011fildir, ancak en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ihtimal Yukar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’daki Beit Khallaf b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan K2 Mastabas\u0131’d\u0131r. Bu devasa kerpi\u00e7 mastabada Sanakht’\u0131n ismini ta\u015f\u0131yan m\u00fch\u00fcrler bulunmu\u015ftur. Ancak mastaban\u0131n mimari yap\u0131s\u0131 ve konumu, bir firavundan ziyade \u00e7ok zengin bir prens veya y\u00fcksek bir memura ait olabilece\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphesini do\u011furur. Baz\u0131 arkeologlar, Sanakht’\u0131n as\u0131l mezar\u0131n\u0131n Sakkara’da, Djoser Piramidi’nin bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan “Bitmemi\u015f Yap\u0131” oldu\u011funu iddia ederler. 1901’de Charles S. Myers taraf\u0131ndan incelenen iskelet, o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in \u015fok edici bir uzunluktad\u0131r. Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n ortalama boyu 1.67 metre iken, bu iskeletin sahibi 1.87 metre (6 ft 1.5 in\u00e7) boyundad\u0131r. Kafatas\u0131 ise ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 derecede b\u00fcy\u00fck ve geni\u015ftir. Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca bu durumun “Akromegali” (B\u00fcy\u00fcme hormonu bozuklu\u011fu) olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Z\u00fcrih \u00dcniversitesi Evrimsel T\u0131p Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden Francesco M. Galassi ve Michael E. Habicht liderli\u011findeki uluslararas\u0131 bir ekip, kemikleri yeniden analiz etmi\u015f ve kafatas\u0131 ve kemiklerdeki b\u00fcy\u00fcme plaklar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, bu ki\u015finin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bilinen en eski “Gigantism” (Devlik) vakas\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. Early Dynastic Egypt. London: Routledge, 1999.
(Sanakhte’nin kronolojisi, Abydos V mezar\u0131 ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in en kapsaml\u0131 akademik kaynak; Khasekhemwy-Sanakhte ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve Eski Krall\u0131k’a ge\u00e7i\u015f tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 detayl\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, 2010.
(Genel Erken Hanedan sonu ve Eski Krall\u0131k ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 anlat\u0131m\u0131; Sanakhte’nin h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan kurucusu rol\u00fc ve ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi yorumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in pop\u00fcler ama akademik temelli bak\u0131\u015f.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baines, John. “Kingship in Ancient Egypt”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 95-122.
(Erken Hanedan krall\u0131k ideolojisi ve Sanakhte’nin rol\u00fc i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm; Horus ad\u0131 ve saltanat sembolizmi.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lauer, Jean-Philippe. “The Step Pyramid of Saqqara”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 123-145.
(\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan mezar mimarisi ve Sanakhte d\u00f6nemi Saqqara mastabalar\u0131 i\u00e7in genel referans; Sanakhte’nin mezar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi vurgulan\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson, 1997.
(Eski Krall\u0131k piramit mimarisinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve Sanakhte d\u00f6nemi yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in temel kaynak; Djoser \u00f6ncesi ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi yorumlar\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dodson, Aidan. The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, 2003.
(Sanakhte d\u00f6nemi mezarlar\u0131 ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hanedan mimari geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 inceleme.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2650 civar\u0131 (3. Hanedanl\u0131k) \u2013 S\u00fcresi belirsiz (Tahminen 6-18 Y\u0131l) Unvanlar: Horus Sanakht (“Muzaffer Koruyucu”), Nebka (Kartu\u015f\/Kral Listelerindeki olas\u0131 ismi), Mesochris (Manetho’ya g\u00f6re). Tarih ve Efsane Eski Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fafa\u011f\u0131nda Piramitlerin babas\u0131 Djoser’in ihti\u015faml\u0131 g\u00f6lgesinde kalm\u0131\u015f, ancak hem tarihsel konumu hem de fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri ile M\u0131s\u0131rbilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bir fig\u00fcr durur, Sanakht. … <\/p>\n

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