{"id":1497,"date":"2025-07-16T15:01:40","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:01:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egyptologytr.wordpress.com\/?p=1497"},"modified":"2026-02-21T21:06:39","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T21:06:39","slug":"sekhemib-perenmaat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egyptologyencyclopedia.org\/de\/sekhemib-perenmaat\/","title":{"rendered":"Sekhemib-Perenmaat"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2720 civar\u0131 (2. Hanedanl\u0131k – Ge\u00e7 D\u00f6nem) Unvanlar: Sekhemib (“Kalbi G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Olan”), Perenmaat (“Ma’at Ad\u0131na Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kan”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131, Horus Sekhemib.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Tarih ve Efsane<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru kay\u0131tlar susar ve yerini karma\u015f\u0131k sembollere b\u0131rak\u0131r. Sekhemib, i\u015fte bu kaosun ortas\u0131nda, programatik bir isimle sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar, Perenmaat, yani Ma’at (Kozmik D\u00fczen\/Adalet) ad\u0131na ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015fi.<\/em> Bir firavunun isminde Ma’at\u0131 bu kadar vurgulu kullanmas\u0131 genellikle o d\u00fczenin bozuldu\u011funa ve kral\u0131n onu yeniden tesis etmeye geldi\u011fine i\u015faret eder. Sekhemib, Ninetjer sonras\u0131 par\u00e7alanan M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 toparlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, ancak kimli\u011fi konusunda modern tarih\u00e7ileri ikiye b\u00f6len gizemli bir fig\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6keni ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131rbilimciye g\u00f6re, Sekhemib (veya e\u015f zamanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren) Seth-Peribsen ayn\u0131 ki\u015fidir. Teori \u015f\u00f6yledir, Kral \u00f6nce “Sekhemib” (Horus Kral\u0131) olarak tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, sonra dini bir devrimle “Peribsen” (Seth Kral\u0131) ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Ya da tam tersi, Seth isyan\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ip tekrar Horus inanc\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re bunlar iki farkl\u0131 ki\u015fidir. Peribsen, Seth tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 savunan bir “sapk\u0131n” krald\u0131, Sekhemib ise onu yenen veya hemen ard\u0131ndan tahta ge\u00e7ip Horus ortodoksisini (gelene\u011fi) geri getiren krald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz bu maddede, arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ama \u0130li\u015fkili H\u00fck\u00fcmdar” (Teori B) perspektifini merkeze alarak, onun Horus kimli\u011fine odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Saltanat Y\u0131llar\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sekhemib’in saltanat\u0131n\u0131n, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n siyasi olarak ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemde ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sekhemib’in arkeolojik izleri (m\u00fch\u00fcrler, ta\u015f kaplar) neredeyse tamamen Yukar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’da (Abydos ve \u00e7evresi) bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu, onun (veya Peribsen’in) kuzeydeki Delta b\u00f6lgesinde (A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r) hakimiyet kuramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak iki ayr\u0131 kral taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Sakkara’daki Zoser Piramidi’nin alt\u0131nda bulunan ta\u015f kaplarda Sekhemib’in ismine rastlanmas\u0131, kuzey ile bir \u015fekilde (ticaret veya diplomatik) ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu veya halefi Khasekhemwy’nin bu miras\u0131 kuzeye ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Askeri ve Siyasi Olaylar<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sekhemib d\u00f6nemi, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n birle\u015fmesinden (Narmer d\u00f6nemi) bu yana ya\u015fanan en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 krizin merkezindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kalbi G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Olan” (Sekhe mib) ismi, askeri bir duru\u015fu simgeler. “Ma’at Ad\u0131na \u00c7\u0131kan” (Perenmaat) ise me\u015fruiyet iddias\u0131d\u0131r. Bu unvanlar, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda “d\u00fczeni bozan” bir rakip (belki kuzeydeki isyanc\u0131lar, belki de Seth rahipleri) oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar niteliktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sekhemib’in m\u00fch\u00fcrlerinde “Kral\u0131n M\u00fch\u00fcrdar\u0131” ve “Saray\u0131n Y\u00f6neticisi” gibi unvanlar ta\u015f\u0131yan memurlar\u0131n isimleri okunmu\u015ftur (\u00f6rne\u011fin: Iny-Khnum). Bu, kaos ortam\u0131na ra\u011fmen saray b\u00fcrokrasisinin i\u015flemeye devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dini Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer Sekhemib, Peribsen’den farkl\u0131 biriyse (veya Peribsen’in t\u00f6vbekar haliyse), onun en b\u00fcy\u00fck icraat\u0131 dini restorasyondur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sekhemib’in isminin yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu “Serekh”lerin (kraliyet armas\u0131) \u00fczerinde, geleneksel Horus \u015eahini yer al\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ok kritik bir detayd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde (veya hemen \u00f6ncesinde) Peribsen, bu \u015fahini kald\u0131r\u0131p yerine kaos tanr\u0131s\u0131 Seth’in hayvan\u0131n\u0131 koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yorum:<\/em> Sekhemib, Horus \u015fahinini geri getirerek, devletin resmi dininin ve kraliyet ideolojisinin tekrar “Horus\u00e7u” \u00e7izgiye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ilan etmi\u015ftir. Bu, muhafazakar rahiplerle yap\u0131lan bir ittifak\u0131n sonucudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Mezar\u0131<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Abydos’taki bu mezar genellikle Seth-Peribsen’e atfedilir. Ancak mezar\u0131n giri\u015finde ve mezar odas\u0131nda Sekhemib’e ait m\u00fch\u00fcrler bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durum:<\/em> Bu durum iki \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r: Ya ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 mezara g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fcler, ya da Sekhemib, selefi Peribsen’i g\u00f6men (ve b\u00f6ylece taht\u0131 devralan) ki\u015fiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mimari:<\/em> Mezar, 1. Hanedanl\u0131k mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n aksine daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr ve aceleyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f izlenimi verir. Kerpi\u00e7ten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve antik \u00e7a\u011fda a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Miras<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sekhemib, M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck krallar\u0131ndan biri olan Khasekhemwy’ye (sonraki kral) yolu a\u00e7an ki\u015fidir. Sekhemib, Horus inanc\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcneydeki otoriteyi koruyarak, Khasekhemwy’nin kuzeyi fethetmesi ve M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 son kez, kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak birle\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in gerekli zemini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. Early Dynastic Egypt. London: Routledge, 1999.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emery, Walter B. Great Tombs of the First Dynasty (ve ilgili \u0130kinci Hanedan kaz\u0131 raporlar\u0131). London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1949-1958.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilkinson, Toby. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, 2010.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heagy, Thomas C. “Who was Menes?”. Arch\u00e9o-Nil, Cilt 24, 2014, s. 59-92.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lauer, Jean-Philippe. “The Step Pyramid of Saqqara”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 123-145.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baines, John. “Kingship in Ancient Egypt”. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, s. 95-122.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fck\u00fcm S\u00fcresi: M.\u00d6. 2720 civar\u0131 (2. Hanedanl\u0131k – Ge\u00e7 D\u00f6nem) Unvanlar: Sekhemib (“Kalbi G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Olan”), Perenmaat (“Ma’at Ad\u0131na Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kan”), \u0130ki Diyar\u0131n Kral\u0131, Horus Sekhemib. Tarih ve Efsane \u0130kinci Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru kay\u0131tlar susar ve yerini karma\u015f\u0131k sembollere b\u0131rak\u0131r. Sekhemib, i\u015fte bu kaosun ortas\u0131nda, programatik bir isimle sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar, Perenmaat, yani Ma’at (Kozmik D\u00fczen\/Adalet) ad\u0131na … <\/p>\n

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